Hindlimb Innervation

Question 1

What is the most common clinical signs associated with compromised motor innervations?

Answer 1

Weakness in lower legs, muscle atrophy and gait defects

Question 2

What are the hip extensors

Answer 2

Gluteal muscles: super. gluteal, deep gluteal, middle gluteal
Hamstrings: biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

Question 3

What are the hip flexors?

Answer 3

TFL, Sartorius, iliopsoas

Question 4

What are the muscle adductors if the hindlimb

Answer 4

Adductor, pectineus, gracilis

Question 5

What are the stifle extensors?

Answer 5

Quadriceps:
Recuts femoris
Vastus medialis
V. Intermedius
V. Lateralis

Question 6

What are the stifle joint flexors?

Answer 6

Popliteus

Question 7

Lumbosacral plexus

Answer 7

From L4-S2
Gives origin to the nerves that innervate the hindlimb

Question 8

What does L3 give rise to?

Answer 8

Illioinguinal and genitofemoral (L3&L4) nerves

Question 9

What does the femoral branch of the Genitofemoral nerve innervate?

Answer 9

Cutaneous innervation to the proximal medial thigh

Question 10

What does the genital branch of the Genitofemoral nerve innervate?

Answer 10

Spermatic fascia
Cremaster m.
Scrotum

Question 11

Lateral cutaneous femoral nerve

Answer 11

Originates from L4
Provides sensory innervation to the cranio-lateral surface of the thigh

Question 12

Femoral nerve

Answer 12

L4-L6
Motor innervation to the stifle extensors (quadriceps)

Question 13

What is the sensory innervation of the femoral nerve?

Answer 13

Saphenous branch
To the medial surface of the thigh, stifle and hock

Question 14

Clinical significance of the femoral nerve

Answer 14

Paralysis of the quadriceps
Loss of weight bearing
Loss of sensation in the medial surface of the limb

Question 15

Obturator nerve

Answer 15

L4-L6
Supplies the adductor muscles of the thigh

Question 16

Clinical significance of the obturator nerve

Answer 16

Looses ability to adduct the limbs, so the limbs remain abducted ( dystocia and calving)

Question 17

Lumbosacral trunk

Answer 17

L7-S1&2
Cranial gluteal
Cd. Gluteal
Cd. Cutaneous femoral

Question 18

What does the cranial gluteal supply?

Answer 18

Middle and deep gluteal
Tensor fasciae lata

Question 19

What does the cranial gluteal supply?

Answer 19

Super. Gluteal m. (Hip extensor)

Question 20

What does the cd. cutaneous femoral supply?

Answer 20

Sensory to cd. thigh

Question 21

Sciatic nerve

Answer 21

Distal communication of the lumbosacral trunk
Supplies the internal obturator, gemelli, quadriceps femoris, hamstrings group

Question 22

What are the branches of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 22

Common peroneal and tibial
Sensory innervation to the lateral surface of the limb distal to the stifle
Motor innervation to the leg muscles

Question 23

What branches are of the common peroneal

Answer 23

Superficial branch: skin; dorsal surface of the leg and foot
Deep branch: hock flexors/ digit extensors

Question 24

Tibial nerve

Answer 24

Passes between the 2 heads of gastrocnemius

Question 25

What is the cutaneous branch of the common peroneal?

Answer 25

Lateral sural nerve: skin/ lateral surface of leg

Question 26

What is the cutaneous branch of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 26

Caudal sural nerve

Question 27

What do the muscular branches of the sciatic nerve innervate?

Answer 27

Muscular branches of the gastrocnemius and caudal crual muscles

Question 28

Medial & lateral plantar of the sciatic nerve

Answer 28

Supplies sensory nerves to planter surface of foot

Question 29

What are the clinical considerations of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 29

Largest nerve in the body

Question 30

What can the sciatic nerve be damaged from?

Answer 30

Fracture of pelvis or femur Dislocation of hip Injections Trauma

Question 31

What can damages of the common peroneal cause?

Answer 31

Over extension of hock Overflexion of digits Atrophy to innervate muscles Dog will flick the paw forward to bare weight Lost sensation on dorsal aspect of hock and foot

Question 32

What can damages to the tibial nerve cause?

Answer 32

Overflexion of hock Overextension of digits Atrophy to innervated muscles Limb is lowered when applying weight Lost sensation on plantar aspect of hock and foot

Question 33

Pudendal nerve

Answer 33

S2-S3 Lies lateral to levator and coccygeus Main trunk supply sensory innervation to prep use, scrotum, udder

Question 34

How does the pudendal nerve end?

Answer 34

As dorsal nerve of penis clitoris

Question 35

Superficial branch of the pudendal nerve

Answer 35

Supplies skin of anus, vulva, and ventral perineal region

Question 36

What do the deep branches of the pudendal nerve supply?

Answer 36

Motor nerves to perineal muscles that include reproductive organs muscle

Question 37

Caudal rectal nerves

Answer 37

Origin: most caudal sacral nerves Provides sensory innervation to rectum, anus, perineal skin

Question 38

What are the motor fibers to of the caudal rectal nerves?

Answer 38

Dorsal perineal muscles External anal sphincter Levanter ani

Question 39

Clinical consideration of the caudal rectal nerves

Answer 39

When fixing an external anal sphincter the vet could hit the nerve.