Female Genitalia

Question 1

What is included in the genital tract?

Answer 1

Ovary (primary)
Uterus (secondary)
Vagina
Vestibule
External genitalia (vulva, clitorus)

Question 2

Ovary

Answer 2

Primary reproduction organ of a bitch and queen
Site for production, maturation and release of ova (eggs) and chief female hormones

Question 3

What are the chief female hormones?

Answer 3

Estrogen and progestrerone

Question 4

Location of the ovary

Answer 4

Right ovary is caudal to the left ovary
Sublumbar region
Suspended in abdominal wall by serosa (membrane)

Question 5

What are the ligaments of the ovary

Answer 5

Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Importance in Ovariohysterectomy

Question 6

Ovarian bursa

Answer 6

Space between the mesovarium and mesosalpinx

Question 7

What is the clinical significance of the ovarian bursa?

Answer 7

Abdominal ostium (opening) in mesosalpinx has the potential to causes ectopic pregnancy

Question 8

How is the ovary divided?

Answer 8

Inner medulla and the outer cortex

Question 9

What is the capsule of the ovary?

Answer 9

Tunica albuginea ovary

Question 10

What is the ovary covered by?

Answer 10

Visceral peritoneum

Question 11

What structures make up the uterus?

Answer 11

Uterine tube (oviduct- vet, fallopian tube/ salpinx- human)
Uterine horns
Uterine body
Uterine neck (cervix)

Question 12

What is the clinical significance of the uterus?

Answer 12

Pyometra (infection of the uterus)
Open or closed, fixed with surgery

Question 13

Uterine tube/ oviduct function

Answer 13

Receives the recently released oocyte from the ovary
Site where sperm and egg meet for fertilization

Question 14

How does the sperm reach the uterine tube?

Answer 14

Myometral contraction

Question 15

How does the uterine tube begin?

Answer 15

As a dilatation (infundibulum) with tiny:
Fimbriae (collection of smooth muscles)
Abdominal Ostium

Question 16

What is the clinical significance of the infundibulum (uterine tube)

Answer 16

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 17

What are the structures of the uterine tube/ oviduct?

Answer 17

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Uterotubal junction

Question 18

Uterotubal junction

Answer 18

Papilla (real barrier)
Used for impeding ascend of sperm and descend of ova

Question 19

Clinical significance of the uterotubal junction

Answer 19

Selective passage into the isthmus that sorts healthy from defective sperm

Question 20

Ampulla

Answer 20

Site of fertilization

Question 21

Isthmus

Answer 21

Conveys the embryo (zygotes) to the uterus

Question 22

How is the uterine horn of the bitch and queen?

Answer 22

Bicorunate
“Y-shaped” due to long horns and short body

Question 23

Where does the uterine tube terminate?

Answer 23

In the uterine horn and it delivers the fertilized egg (zygote) for implantation

Question 24

Gross placentation in bitch and queen is ____________

Answer 24

Zonary

Question 25

Uterine body

Answer 25

Short and insignificant (other than during a spay)

Question 26

Cervix

Answer 26

Short rigid neck of the uterus (~1-2 cm)

Question 27

What are the structures of the cervix?

Answer 27

Internal uterine ostium Cervical Canal (mucus plug) External uterine ostium (external os) Importance in ovariohysterectomy

Question 28

Vagina

Answer 28

Birth canal Copulatory receptacle

Question 29

How is the vagina collapsed?

Answer 29

By negative pressure leaving rugae and potentia lumen

Question 30

Fornix Vaginae

Answer 30

When the cervix protrudes into cranial vagina forming a blind end

Question 31

Location of the vagina

Answer 31

Cd: Continuous with its vestibule at the urethral tubercle

Question 32

What does the urethral tubercle house?

Answer 32

External urethral orifice

Question 33

Hymen

Answer 33

Incomplete parturition between the vagina and its vestibule- Poorly represented in small animals

Question 34

Vestibule slope

Answer 34

Slopes caudoventrally at 45-50 degrees

Question 35

Vestibular bulbs

Answer 35

A pair of spherical erectile tissue masses Surrounded by constrictor vestibuli m. (coital tie)

Question 36

Which species have minor vestibular glands?

Answer 36

Posessed by bitches and queens

Question 37

Which species have major vestibular glands?

Answer 37

Only queens (big ~ 0.25 in)

Question 38

What is the function of the vestibular glands?

Answer 38

Provide lubrication during coitus and whelping or queening Produce pheromones

Question 39

Vulva

Answer 39

Simple pair of labia meeting at dorsal and ventral commissures

Question 40

Structures of the clitorus

Answer 40

Crus Body/ glans Corpus cavernosum cliterus Prepuce Fossa

Question 41

Ligaments of the Genital tract

Answer 41

Broad Ligament Mesovarium Mesosalpinx Suspensory ligament of ovary Mesomentrium Round ligament of the uterus

Question 42

What does the broad ligament do?

Answer 42

Suspends ovary, uterine tube and uterus

Question 43

Mesometrium clin sig

Answer 43

Ovariohysterectomy

Question 44

Round ligament of the uterus

Answer 44

Remnants of the gubernaculum testis

Question 45

Where is the ovarian bursa small?

Answer 45

In mares, but big in other species

Question 46

What does the ovarian artery branch off of and supply?

Answer 46

Aorta Ovary and uterine branch

Question 47

What does the vaginal artery supply?

Answer 47

Urterine artery --> cervix and uterus

Question 48

What does the pudendal artery give rise to?

Answer 48

Vaginal a. A. of the vestibular bulb A. of the clitoris

Question 49

What does the pelvic and hypogastric nerve innervate?

Answer 49

Uterus and ovary Parasympathetic innervation

Question 50

What does the pudendal nerve innervate?

Answer 50

Striated muscle Caudal vagina, vulva and clitoris

Question 51

Clinical consideration of the female genital tract

Answer 51

Nuetering "spay" Ovariohysterectomy Pyometra

Question 52

What structures are ligated and incised during a ovariohysterectomy?

Answer 52

Suspensory ligament Ovarian artery Uterine artery Uterine body