Degenerative disease of the central nervous system

Question 1

what is the requirments for dementia

Answer 1

progressive, multiple domains of cogntiv fuction
loss of acquired skills and interference in occupation and society

Question 2

what are the main types of late onset dementia - 65years plus

Answer 2

alzheimers - 55%
vascular - 20%
lewy body - 20%
other - 5%

Question 3

what are the main signs of young onset demitia

Answer 3

alzheimers - 33%
vascular - 15%
frontotemporal - 15%
other - 33%

Question 4

uncommon cuaes of demita

Answer 4

toxic - alchol
genetic - huntingtons
infection - hiv, cjd
inflammatory - ms

Question 5

what are some treatable causes of dementia

Answer 5

b12 deficenties
endocrein - thryoid disease
infective - hiv syphilliis

tumour
hydrocephalus - is normal pressure
psedudodementia

Question 6

main examinato for demai

Answer 6

cogative, neuroglica, vasucalr

Question 7

infestaigaion for demetnai

Answer 7

ct, bloods, mri
csf, eeg, geetics

Question 8

what screening tools can be used for dementai

Answer 8

mini mental
montreal

Question 9

what are the ementail domians of dementia

Answer 9

memory, attention, languate, vistuospian, behvoru, emiotial ,e exentuive fucnit, apraxia, agnosias

Question 10

main cluses in tup eof demtain of speed

Answer 10

speed fast ,- cjd
stepwize progseion - vasualr

Question 11

what would you suspect if there is abnormal movemtn in demiea

Answer 11

huntiongtons

Question 12

alzheimers is invovle dn what pathology

Answer 12

b amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

Question 13

risk factor for alzheimers

Answer 13

genetic and enviromental

Question 14

genees assoicated with alzymers

Answer 14

apoe, app, psen1, psen2

Question 15

what are the clincal signs of dementia

Answer 15

memory distubances
languae and visuospacial problems
persoanly preserved until later

Question 16

what are the patholgoy associated with frontal temporal dementia

Answer 16

tau - protein

Question 17

how to detect tau protiens

Answer 17

in csf

Question 18

what is the changes seen in frontalotempral dementai

Answer 18

dysphagia, memory changes, eating habits change,
good visospacl / memory, until later

Question 19

what is the signs seen in dematia with lewy bodies

Answer 19

visulospatial and executive funciton decline
prominetn fluctuation
parkionsn and visual hallionsums

Question 20

what are lewy bodies made up of

Answer 20

a synuclein - these produce dopamine

Question 21

pharamlocil treatemtn for dementia

Answer 21

insomia treatment
behvioru - with antipycotiscs
depression

Question 22

what are the specific treatments for alzymers

Answer 22

cholinesterase inhibtor
- donepezil , rivastmien, galatamine
nmda angagoinss , mematine

Question 23

treatment for frontal temproal or vasuclar dementa

Answer 23

no

Question 24

what is requried for diganosis of parkingons

Answer 24

bradykinseas, rigidity, tremour, postural instabily - unsteadiness/ falls

Question 25

what are the main cuase of parkinos patholgy

Answer 25

dompaine loss lewys bodies

Question 26

cuaes of parkinosn

Answer 26

drug induced - dopammine antagoins idopathic vascualr parkinsons plus

Question 27

what are parkinsons plus syndomes

Answer 27

parkions with muliple system - demtia or yee problems atropy or progesive suprnucler palsy - dyspahga , vision, palsy

Question 28

genes that are risk factor for parkons

Answer 28

lrrk2, parkin, gba

Question 29

when does tremor occur in parkinons

Answer 29

when the perons is at rest, ie not when arms are up

Question 30

what are the non motor signs of parkisinson

Answer 30

rem sleep behaviour disorder autonomic dysfuciotn - urinary , bowel, sexual neuropatic - hallucination , cogantive depression, fatique pain

Question 31

what it the first nucleur effectd by parkins

Answer 31

putamen

Question 32

second nuclur effected by parkions

Answer 32

caudate

Question 33

treatmen for parkinson

Answer 33

levodopa comt inhitors Dopamine agonists Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors

Question 34

what is levodopa compined with

Answer 34

periphal decarboxylase ihitor to stop it being metabolised before reaching the rbain

Question 35

exmaples of periphalr decarboxylase inhibotr

Answer 35

carbidopa dn benserazide

Question 36

what is the sid eeffect of levodpa

Answer 36

dyskinase - exxcessive motr movemtns

Question 37

what are comt inhitors

Answer 37

They prent comt from metabolise levodopa in the body and the brian

Question 38

role of dopamine atnagoists

Answer 38

mimic dopaine adn stimaaltes domapine recpotrs

Question 39

downs side of dopamine agonsi

Answer 39

pulmonary firbosis

Question 40

examples of dopamine agonsi

Answer 40

bromocriptine, pergolide, cabergoline

Question 41

role of monoamine oxidase-B inhtor

Answer 41

block monoamine oxidase-B enzymes increasing circulating dopaimne

Question 42

examplesof monoamine oxidase b inhitors

Answer 42

selegilrine rasagiline

Question 43

later complicaitn of parkins

Answer 43

hallunciation, impulse contorl balance issues demia - 50% after 10 years gait freezing swallowing issues

Question 44

neurosugy fo rpaksinon

Answer 44

deep brain stimulation