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Understanding stroke Flashcards

1
Q

fast

A

face
arms
speach
time to call 999

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2
Q

what are teh 2 main cuases of stroke

A

ischemai or haemoorage

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3
Q

how long does a trasnisent ischemia attack

A

up to 24 hours but most lasts 1-60 min

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4
Q

what percent of stroeks are hameorrgic and what are ischemica

A

85% ischemic
15% haemorrhagic

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5
Q

what are teh causes of a ischmieic stroke

A

large artery atherosclerooiss - e.g. caroitid plaque
cardioembolic
small artery occulsion
undetermiend - cryptogenic
rare cuaes - such as artieral dissection, and venous singus thrombosisi

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6
Q

what are the cuases of hemorrhagic stroke

A

primary intracerebal haemoorage
secondary haemoroage as a result of - sub arachnoid haemorog, arteriavo venous malformation

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7
Q

causes of cardioembolic stroke

A

Normally afib

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8
Q

what is small artery occlusion stroke called

A

lacune

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9
Q

what are the risk facotrs that are non modifibable

A

previous stroke
age
male
family histy

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10
Q

modifiable stroke risk factors

A

cardiac rythum abnormalities
diet
exercise
weight
diabetes
taking of oestrogen
cocaine and other drugs
hypertension

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11
Q

which is the most imporatn modiflyable risk factor for stroke

A

hyperteniosn

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12
Q

what is lipohyalinoss

A

where the arties in the brain thicken reducing blood flow to the brain

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13
Q

what are the effects of lipohyalinosis

A

lacunar ischemic stroke
small vessels hemorrhages

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14
Q

what is a lacunar ishcemia stroke

A

where the small vesslesl in the brain get blocked

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15
Q

where does lipoalinoss mainly occur

A

brain stem
basal ganglia
subcortical areas

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16
Q

what cuaes incread ldl in walls of arties

A

diabetes, ciggarette stroke, and hypertension

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17
Q

main type of lipid assocaied with stokes

A

ldl

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18
Q

do antiplatel help to reduce stroke in af paitents

A

no

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19
Q

best preventaive mesure for stoke

A

anticoagants such as warfarin and doacs

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20
Q

benifits of doacs than warfin

A

reduced risk of bleeding

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21
Q

cardiac caues of stroke

A

patnet foramen ovale
recent heart attack
myxoma

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22
Q

function of frontal lobe

A

assocated with memory,voluntary eye movement, motor cortex of speech, uninary contence, emotion and personality

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23
Q

function of parital lobe

A

sensation
aware ness
spatial oriatin and visuospaial information

24
Q

function of temporal lobe

A

auditory receptive area
comprehension of speech - wernickes area
visual , auditoar and olfactor perception
learning, memeor y adn emmotion

25
role of cerebellum
balance and corodiation
26
role of brainstem
eye movement, breathing, swallowing and heart beat
27
role of occipiatl lobe
visual area visual perceptions involunatry smooth eye movement
28
what are the signs of a stroke
motr - clumbsy or weakness sensory - loss of feeling speech - dysarthria/ dysphasia visuspaical probelms / neglect - they do not regonise one side of their body gaze palsy
29
main classifcation of strokes
oxford community stroke project classification
30
types of strokes in ocsp
total anterior ciculain stroke partial anteior circulating stroke lacunar stroke posterior circulating stroke
31
what size of vessle and location for lacs stroke
small anterior vessells
32
what type of vessles is assocated and pacs stroke
large/ partial arties, anterior area
33
what area and size of vessle is tacs stroke
anterior and large vessles
34
what type of vesssl and where is pocs
posterior, either large or small vessle
35
how many of the symptoms of hemianopia, dyspaga or negelc are presnt in pacs
1
36
how many of the symptoms of hemianopia, dyspaga or negelc are presnt in tacs, and which must be presnt
2 - 1 of whihc is hemianipia
37
what is requried for pocs
brainstem or cerebllar signs vertigo double vision dysarthrai visual loss
38
what is needed for lacs and all strokes except pocs
postive or negat weakness or numbess in 2/3 face and arms
39
what type of strke as the hgher moratily
tacs
40
what are differnatil diagnois for strokes
seizrues syncope sugar sepsis - ppparticlary if they have had a stroke before sever migrane space occupying elsions
41
main signs of fucntion anxiety disorder ofver stoke
clincal presnation doe not mathc with symptoms
42
investigaitno for stroke
bloods ,- fbc glucose, lipids, esr ct/ mri ecg and holter carotid and doppler ultrasound
43
what are some specialti stes for stroke
echocardiogram cerebral angiogram hypercogaulable blood screen
44
aim for treatmet for stroke
restore blood, preent mroe damage, prtoect brain tissue
45
best treatemt for strokes
iv tissue plasminogen activator
46
time tpa should be given
in less than 4.5 hour but quicker the better
47
treatm avialbe for troeis
asprin, thromecotmy, iv tpa, admission to a stroke unit
48
thromboenat nnt
3 -5
49
iv tpa nnt
10 if less than 3 hr 20 if 3 - 4.5
50
asprin less than 48 hours
111
51
most effective tratme for avoid death in stroke
thrombectomy
52
what is the cirtear for tpa use
lesss than 4.5 hours form symtoms onset diasabling neruolgcia deficit symtoms present for more than 60 min consent
53
what is the exclusion crieat for tpa
anything that will incresae the possibilty of a hearmo, such as - rectne surgy, ct scan with blood, recent episodes of bleeding, coagualtion problems
54
what percent of those with tias will get a stroke iwithin 2 week
10%
55
treatem for tia
antiplate, anti hyperts, stating and endartecty
56
seconary present for stoeks
antiplates, doacs for af, lipd lwering agenes

CNS (35 decks)

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