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opthalamolgy Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

what to ask about in history in regards to presenting complaint

A

presenting complaint
- chagne in vision
redness
pain
discharge
double vision
change in the appearance of the eye

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2
Q

what to ask in hsitory of presenign compian

A

time of onsent
uni latearl/ bilater
releiving factors
permenat/ transient

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3
Q

what facotrs are associaten in past medical history with eye conditions

A

cvs such as ishcmeia optic neuropais
rental vien occulation
nerve plasis
ecemze/ astham / hay fever
joints - ankylosis spondylitis, rhumatoid artiers - uveitis , scleiris, episclitis

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4
Q

drugs which can effect eye

A

anticoagualn
ethambutol (anti tb) and chloroquuine(anti malaarial
tamsulosin (for enlaged prostate) - intraoparte flooppy isris syndrome

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5
Q

what are the visual assesmmens charts for adults name

A

snells cahart

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6
Q

what is the numarot and denominator for snells chart

A

numarot - disatnce, denomiantr norma eye can see at

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7
Q

what tests would be done if the patient canon see viaul chart

A

count fingers
hand movemnet
perception of light

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8
Q

what are the visual assesments for babies

A

preferntail looking, ie look to more exiting side of chart

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9
Q

visual assesment for toddlers

A

matchign kay pictures

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10
Q

what is the visual asses ing for older childen

A

naming kay picures of snellen chrt

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11
Q

what should be done in examination of face

A

look for facial symetry
look for rashes such as hzo
look for lid pision abdnomalies

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12
Q

what are you looking for inspecito of the eye

A

proptois, globe postion abnomalies , enopthalmos (eye shirinking into sockets)
symetry of pupils
lumps, bumps, rednes nd dischage

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13
Q

what is the purpose of slit lamp

A

gives 3d vision
allows operator to look to the back of the eye

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14
Q

what is a funospy

A

scope to look at the eye with

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15
Q

where does the acute red eye occur

A

in the anterior segment

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16
Q

what infection cna be done for looing for defects on cornea

A

fluorescein - whihc shows epital defects - you use green fluoresecion and blue light

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17
Q

treatment for infective conjuctivits

A

topical antibitoics

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18
Q

sympons of infective conjunctivitis

A

gritty red eyes, dishcage whihc is pulenr an watery

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19
Q

most common bacteria in infective conjucitiis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae

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20
Q

what is a subconjucila heaorm

A

bleeidng behind conjucntive

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21
Q

symotons of subconjuval hameorage

A

red and painless

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22
Q

treatment for subconjunctiival hemaoage

A

reassuracne

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23
Q

singis of allergici conjucitiges

A

ithcy nes
red
dishcare
acute
lid swling
conjunctival sweling

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24
Q

treatment fo allergic conjunctivitis

A

topical antihistamines
avoid allergen
mast cell stabilisers

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25
exmapels of mast cell stabiliser
sodium chromoglycate
26
exmanle of topical antihsiamen
olopatadine
27
signs of a coneal ulcer
pain redness photophabia dischage hisotry of contact lens where conral defect with surrouidn inflaitare
28
treatment for corneal ulcer
corenal scape topical antibitoics
29
tropical antiboic examples
chloroamhenoicle and fucii acid
30
signs of corenal abraion
pain red wattiern history of trauam bluren vison epithal defection
31
treatmane for cornal abraion is same as what
ulcer - topcial antiboic and analgesia
32
what is acute anteiro uvelitis
inflammation of iris and ciliary body
33
what is the signs and sympons of acute anterior uvulais
Pain Watering Photophobia +/-Blurred vision/floaters Possible previous episode Red (circumcorneal injection) Keratic precipitates Cells in anterior chamber Hypopyon Small irregular pupil (posterior synaechiae)
34
what is the treatm for anterior uveltis
Topical steroids (Prednisolone 1% hourly) Dilating drops (Cyclopentolate 1% 3 times daily
35
what are teh signs and symptons of scleritis
Pain++ Redness (deep scleral vessels) Nodule (does not move over sclera) Tender++
36
treatment for sclerits
systmatic steroidsq
37
signs of acute angle closure glacuoma
Pain++ Redness Blurred vision Nausea & vomiting Hazy cornea Fixed mid dilated pupil Hard eyeball
38
treatment for acute angle closure glacuaom
Lower intraocular pressure (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, beta blockers, prostaglandins) Constrict pupil (pilocarpine) Laser iridotomy
39
what is aorbnial celluris
infection fo teh orbail tissues
40
signs and symptons of orbial cellutis
Pain+ Redness Blurred vision Diplopia (double vision) Generally unwell Pyrexia Proptosis Reduced eye movement
41
treatment for oriabl cellutis
Admit IV antibiotics CT Scan Drainage of pus
42
what to ask for loss of vision
is it uni lateral or bi lateral what is the onset, ie graual, over a period of time what type of viosn loss, blue black or desired any assoced symposn such as pain, redness and dischage
43
what is best corrected visual activity
using snellens chat to acess vion in peripherl
44
tests to do with fungla scoep for vision loss
direct opthalmoscope slit lamp volks lens
45
what is volks lens for
looking at posterior eye
46
what does direct opthlamospce slit lamp look at
front of eye, mianly, ocrnea, lens, pupils, it can also look at retina
47
what is aded dudring direct opthlosope slit lamp test
eye drops to dilate the pupils
48
what are for paieint to take home for vision loss to check for determination
amslers chart
49
what is fluoresceint angiograpty
look at retian with dye added
50
how is die added to retain in flureanct angiograpy
though paiteints arm
51
how to condant a viual fiel assesnt
eith cover your eye and ak piatin when they can see your hand use computer , asking piating to click when they see image in period;arhy
52
what is optila cohereance tomogpary
takes picker of fovea using infrad light, to show deapth of it
53
what could be cuase of sudden tcomplre vion los
retail detachment central retianl arteyr occlusion
54
cuase of branch retial artyer occultion
cardiovauslar probelms
55
treatment for cnetalr retial occluion
treate cvs problems intravitregal anti vegf Ocular massage (massaging the eye) Anterior chamber paracentesis (removing fluid from the anterior chamber to reduce the intraocular pressure) Inhaled carbogen (5% carbon dioxide and 95% oxygen) (to dilate the artery) Sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (to dilate the artery) Oral pentoxifylline (to dilate the artery) Intravenous acetazolamide (to reduce the intraocular pressure) Intravenous mannitol (to reduce the intraocular pressure) Topical timolol (to reduce the intraocular pressure)
56
what is anterio ishcemic optic pnerpi
suddent loss of sight due to lack of blood flow to optic nerve head
57
what are the types of anterior ishcmic optic neurophay
non arteric and artierie cgiant cell anriteis
58
sympons of antiaroe ischmaic otic neurophathy
loss of visoin unilataerl temporal hadahc loss of apitie scalp tenderness jaw claudiction
59
signs of antiaeri ishcmia optic nuropathy
tenderness of superfical tempoaral arteries raised inflamatory markers platelets raised
60
management for anteriro optic neruaphy
high dose steroids
61
sympons of non arteric antiaore ishcmic optic neruopaty
painless , no symposn
62
treatement of non arteriric antiaer ishcemic optic neruapy
treat cvs risk factors
63
cause of viterous hameoarge
posterio virteaos detachment proliferative diabetic reitopaty trauma
64
risk factors for retial detahcment
myopia, trauma , cataract surgyer,
65
treatmet for retail detachment
surgical repair
66
causes of gradual loss of vision
cataracts, glaucoma, age related msuclar degeraiton, diabetic reitopathy
67
what is cataracts
gradual opacifiation of the lens
68
symptoms of cataracts
loss of vision dazzle/ glare
69
treatment of cataracts
surgyer - phacoemulsiffication
70
what is glaucoma
raised in toer occpualr pressure due to optic nerve damge
71
types of glacuoma
opern or closed angle acute and chornci
72
sympons of claucoma
gracual loss of feild of vioin
73
what are teh signs of chronic glacumom
raised intracoular pressure, visual feild dfects optic disk damge
74
managmeent of chonci glacmena
surgyer, trabeculom, drainage troapical treamts such as prostaisn, beta balkcs, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
75
what are the ymons of age realted macular degernation
progressie loss of centla viois, disoriaentation
76
signs of ague related macular degation
distortion on amsler chart drusen
77
what is the proption of dry and wet related age related macular degernation
90% dry 10% wet
78
what is dusen
when lipids acculmulate on retian, seen as yellow depisoij
79
treatemt for ague related muslar degation
vions aids, restiaon as bliind
80
what is main type of dry armd
atropic wehre macula gets thinner with age
81
what is gthe cuase of wet amd
abnomral blood vessles gowing to retian
82
invesitoan for wet age realted macauar degaion
oct - ptical coherence tomography ( fluroeicnt angiography
83
management for wet age related muclar getion
intravital antivegf lowe viosnaids regiation as blind
84
what is the signs of diabetic reoinpaty
microaneurysms retinal haemorrhages and exudates neuovasuclatiation
85
infectison fr diagbetic retiopary
oct fluorescein angiograpty
86
management for diabetic retionpay
controal bm, bp and cholestrol intravitreal antivegf laser low vision aids regation blind
87

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