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RUSVM Pathology I > Dermatitis 3 > Flashcards

Dermatitis 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main causes of developmental anomalies?

A

Genetic defect
In utero infection
In utero exposure to teratogens

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2
Q

What do you call the condition of having less than the normal amount of hair?

A

Hypotrichosis

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3
Q

What is Singy calf?

A

Calf with hypotrichosis

Due to in utero BVD infection

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4
Q

What is collagen dysplasia?

A

Differently sized, and arranged collagen fibers => Hyperdistensful skin

Can easily tear and cause secondary infection

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5
Q

Condition where integument hasnt formed in a select area

A

Epitheliogenesis imperfecta

-> eg lacking hoof/dermis => secondary bacterial infection

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6
Q

What is the condition where the stratum corneum of the animal is thickened because it is not shed properly. Thickened skin becomes harder and will fisssure and crack

A

Ichthyosis

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7
Q

Disorders of alopecia can be due to what conditions?

A 
Endocrine disorders 
Hair cycle abnormalities
Excessive grooming 
Self trauma 
Autoimmune 
Poor nutrition 
Hyperkeratosis 
Cicatrical alopecia (scar)
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8
Q

What endocrine disordrers can lead to alopecia?

A

Hypothyroidism
Hyperadrenocortism
Hyperestrogenism
Alopecia X

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9
Q

What hair cycle abnormalities can lead to aoplica?

A

Post clipping
Telegenic effluvium
Antimitotic drugs- chemotherapeutic/ immunosuppressants

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10
Q

What is feline psychogenic alopecia?

A

Excessive grooming causing hair loss

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11
Q

Symmetrical alopecia and hyperpigmentation is most likely due to ???

A

Endocrine disorder

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12
Q

____________ is increased thickness of stratum basale and spinosum

A

Acanthosis

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13
Q

___________ is increased thickness of stratum corneum

A

Hyperkeratosis

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14
Q

What is parakeratotic?

A

Nuclei retained

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15
Q

What is orthokeratotic?

A

Anuclear

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16
Q

What are the two forms of hyperkeratosis??

A

Dry form (seborrhea sicca)-> dry skin and white to gray scales that exfoliate

Greasy form (seborrhea oleosa)-> excessive brown to yellow lipids

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17
Q

What re the causes of hyperkeratosis s?

A

Primary idiopathic seborrhea
Secondary seborrhea
-endocrine imbalances -> hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, and hyperestrogenism
-chronic dermatitis -> allergy and ectoparasite
Zinc responsive dermatosis

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18
Q

Who is predisposed to primary idopathic seborrhea?

A

Cockers, Springers, and Westies

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19
Q

What is primary idiopathic seborrhea?

A

Inherited disorder of keratinization or cornification

-involve hyperproliferation of epidermis, hair follicle, and sebaceous glands

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20
Q

Who is predisposed to zinc responsive dermatosis ?

A

Arctic breeds - inherited defect in zinc absorption

Pigs and rapidly growing large dog breeds on low zinc diet

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21
Q

What is the pathogenesis of sarcoptic mange ?

A

Burrow into stratum corneum -> intense pruritus through hypersensitivity -> self trauma, chronic irritation -> hyperkeratosis, lichenification, alopecia

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22
Q

What is a raised, irregular patch of thickened skin developing from chronic friction, usually over pressure points

A

Callus

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23
Q

What is a cutaneous soft tissue sarcoma?

A

Spindle cell tumor

Very common in dogs

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24
Q

What are the types of soft tissue sarcomas?

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A 
Fibrosarcoma
Nerve sheath tumor
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma  
Liposarcoma 
Myxosarcoma
25
Cattle Horny, cauliflower like masses What is this most likely?
Papilloma
26
What is the pathogenesis of papilloma virus?
Viral genes inactivate host tumor suppressor proteins
27
In horse Nodular to plaque-like elevations Histology shows both dermal and epidermal components
Equine sarcoidosis
28
T/F: Equine sarcoidosis are highly invasive and metastatic
F Highly invasive and have a high rate of recurrence DO NOT metastasize
29
What are equine sarcoids caused by?
Bovine papilloma virus
30
Verrucous and ulcerated lesions in a poorly pigmented, sparkly haired area Histology shows keratizing squamous cells
Squamous cell carcinoma
31
What is a benign growth of dogs that are grossly white-yellow, greasy, and cauliflower like
Sebaceous adenoma
32
What is a fatty benign growth of dogs?
Lipoma
33
T/F: In cats and dogs, mast cell tumors are always considered malignant, but in horses are considered benign.
F Dogs= malignant Cat and horse = benign
34
What stain can you use to visualize a mast cell tumor?
Toluidine blue
35
Histiocytoma most commonly affects who?
Dogs, mostly young, but can be of any age
36
What is a histiocytoma?
Benign tumor Langerhans cell organ Grossly: dome-shaped Cyto: round cells
37
Who usually gets melanomas?
Dog Horse Angora goat (not just any old goat)
38
In a canine, melamomas that are oral, or mucoctuatous are often (benign/malignant), but ones in haired skin are usually (benign/malignant)
Malignant; benign
39
I have a gray horse with a darkly pigmented mass around the perianal area. What is at the top of my DDX?
Melanoma - usually progressive and multicenteric
40
What is hemangioma caused by?
Solar radiation - metastatic potential may vary with depth of tissue invasion
41
What are the two types of cutaneous lymphoma?
Epitheliotropic -Tcells Nonepithelotropic -T or B cells
42
What are factors that influence melanin production?
Hormone Gene Age Inflammation
43
What is hyperpigmentation
AKA hypermelanosis Usually increase in amount of melanin rather than number of melanocytes
44
Generalized hyperpigmentation can be caused by?
Endocrine dermatosis (Cushing, hypothyroidism, hyperestrogenism) Acanthosis nigricans- genetically determined disease of young dachshunds
45
What causes localized hyperpigmentation ?
Chronic inflammation or physical irritation (rubbing/friction) Congenital (freckles)
46
Dog with localized hyperpigmentation on its back near the base of tail. What should be at the top of your DDX ?
Chronic flea allergy dermatitis
47
What are the congenital causes of hypopigmentation?
Inherited lack of melanocytes Piebaldism -foci with lack of melanocytes Albinism - melanocytes are present but defect to synthesize melanin (usually tyrosinase gene)
48
What are acquired causes of hypopigmentation?
Copper deficiency Destruction of melanocytes or melanin-containing keratinocytes (pigmentary incontinence) -> autoimmune
49
What is the MDx for lack of pigment?
Leukoderma
50
Foal that is albino and has died of colic has what genetic defec?
Lethal white syndrome Colonic hypoplasia and leukoderma -> lack of melanocytes and cells from the myenteric plexus
51
How does copper deficiency lead to lack of pigmentation?
Copper is an important cofactors for tyrosinase -> lack of tyrosinase function -> decreased melanin production
52
What is Arabian Fading Syndrome? How does it appear?
Vitiligo= Idiopathic acquired melanocytopenic hypomelanosis Gradually expanding pale macules, often symmetrical
53
What is vitiligo
Lack of melanocytes (idopathic acquired)
54
What is the most commonly type of calcification found in the skin?
Dystrophic - calcinosis cutis - calcinosis circumscripta
55
Dog with hyperadrenocortisim has erythematous to white gritty plaques and nodules on the skin What is this ?
Calcinosis cutis
56
Single hard subcutaneous nodules over a pressur point or previous site of trauma/injection
Calcinosis circumscripta
57
Dog: | Mild granulomatous inflammation around a deposit of calcium in the dermal and subcutaneous CT
Calcinosis circumscripta
58
Thickened/puffy gelatinous skin, sometimes with viscous fluid exudate
Mucins is
59
Who gets mucinosis?
Chinese Shar-Pei (inherited) Myxedema with hypothyroidism

RUSVM Pathology I (17 decks)

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