#DermTerms

Question 1

Palpable elevation filled with clear fluid

Answer 1

Vesicle <1cm

Bulla >1cm

Question 2

What are causes of vesicle/bulla formation

Answer 2

Auto-immune dermatoses
Viral infection
Chemical irritants
Burns

(Degeneration/necrosis or inflammation/repair)

Question 3

What three changes can lead to formation of a vesicle/bulla?

Answer 3

Intercellular edema (spongiosis)
Intracellular edema (hydropic degeneration 
Disruption of intracellular junctions (acantholysis

Question 4

Spongiosis means

Answer 4

Intercellular edema

Question 5

Acantholysis means?

Answer 5

Disruption of tight junctions ->then we fill up with fluid

Question 6

What is a palpable elevation filled with pus?

Answer 6

Pustule

Question 7

What usually causes pustules?

Answer 7

Leukocyte infiltrate (inflammation and repair)

Question 8

Dried exudate, serum, blood, or scale is called ????

Answer 8

Crust

Question 9

What causes crust formation?

Answer 9

Disorders of keratiniztion
Severe pustular dermatitis
Secondary to ulcer

Question 10

What is a palpable, solid, elevated mass <1cm

Answer 10

Papule

Question 11

What re the causes of papules?

Answer 11

Infiltrate of inflammatory cells
Infiltrate of neoplastic cells
Epidermal hyperplasia
Deposit of mineral

Question 12

A papule that is >1cm is called?

Answer 12

Nodule

Question 13

What is a plaque

Answer 13

Coalesced papules

Question 14

Loss of epidermis with exposure of dermis is called?

Answer 14

Ulcer

Question 15

Ulcers are caused by…..

Answer 15

Secondary to

• epidermal necrosis
• inflmmation
• infarction
• neoplasia

Question 16

___________ is an accumulation of losse keratinized cells

Answer 16

Scale

Question 17

Cause of scale

Answer 17

Disorders of keratinizaiton

Chronic dermatitis

Question 18

__________ is a circular rim of scale that occurs secondary to rupture of a vesicle, pustule, or papule

Answer 18

Epidermal collarette

Question 19

Thickening and hardening of the skin, usually see criss cross pattern

Answer 19

Lichenificiation

Question 20

What are the causes of lichenification?

Answer 20

Chronic irritation/ inflammation

Question 21

When should biopsy be collected?

Answer 21

Early, before treatment

Question 22

What should you not do when collecting a skin biopsy?

Answer 22

Surgically prep the site
Grasp with forceps
Biopsy the center of a lesion
Hold out on history

Question 23

You see the following skin lesions
Edema 
Erythema 
Alopecia 
Crusting 
Ulceration 

What is the likely pathological processes?

Answer 23

Degeneration and necrosis

Inflammatory

Question 24

What is the pathogenesis of photosensitization?

Answer 24

UV light absorbed by photodynamic chemicals in skin -> free radical damage -> epidermal necrosis of lightly pigmented or sparsely haired skin

Question 25

What are the types of primary photosensitization?

Answer 25

Exogenous (type 1) -drugs or plants containing photosensitive chemicals Intrinsic (type 2) -inherited deficiency of proprohyrinogen III cosynthetase -> defect in heme synthesis -> build up of prophyrins

Question 26

Secondary photosensitization is due to?

Answer 26

Type III -> hematogenous photosensitization Poor hepatic clearance of phylloerythrin (producer of rumenal chlorophyll transformation) Toxins causing biliary obstruction

Question 27

pale oral mucous membranes and udders that are slightly reddened are characteristics of?

Answer 27

Erythropoietin porphyria Primary photosensitization -> deficiency of proporphyrinogen III -> deficient heme synthesis s-> porphyrins build up

Question 28

A Holstein cow presents with large patches of erythema and edema. There are also vesicles, stabbing, and ulceration. These lesions are localized mainly on the back in the light coloured hair. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 28

Photosensitization

Question 29

What is the pathogenesis of acute UV light exposure

Answer 29

Sunburn Radiation -> endothelial damage and cytokine production -> erythema -> vesicles -> soughing of necrotic skin

Question 30

Chronic UV light exposure can lead to __________

Answer 30

Solar/actinic keratosis

Question 31

T/F: animals with actinic keratosis are more at risk for neoplasia due to direct DNA injury and subsequent mutations

Answer 31

T

Question 32

Nonpigmented and sparsely haired skin is erythemaous, has comedones, crust, is thickened. What am i??

Answer 32

Solar/ actinic keratosis

Question 33

What is a comedone?

Answer 33

Black head | Pore that is distended and filled with keratin

Question 34

The rupture of a comedone is called?

Answer 34

Furunculosis

Question 35

Thermal burn that is on the epidermis, reddened/darkened necrotic epidermis, will completely heal

Answer 35

1st degree

Question 36

Thermal burn that involves the epidermis and dermis and has vesicle formation. Some adnexa are preserved allowing regeneration and some scaring

Answer 36

2nd degree

Question 37

Thermal burn that involves epidermis, dermis, and subcutis. Necrotic tissue sloughs off, followed by granulation tissue and leaves a scar

Answer 37

3rd degree

Question 38

_________ burns are caused by body or wound secretions, application of drugs, exposure to acids, soaps, detergents, or irritant plants

Answer 38

Chemical

Question 39

T/F: chemical burns are usually mild irritants and must penetrate hair and protective epidermal layers to have effect

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Erythema multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis is due to what

Answer 40

Type IV hypersensitivity towards antigens of the surface keratinocytes inducing apoptosis

Question 41

What is the difference between erythema multifome and toxic epidermal necrolysis

Answer 41

EM - mild - single cell apoptosis +/- lymphocyte satellitosis TEN - severe - sheets of apoptotic/necrotic cells resembling a burn

Question 42

Wide spread coalescing erythematous macules -> vesicles and ulcers

Answer 42

Erythema multifome and toxic epidermal necrolysis

Question 43

When you see a burn, your pathological process is _______________

Answer 43

Degeneration/necrosis