Diabetic drugs

Question 1

name 3 things released from Beta cells of pancreas

Answer 1

insulin
C-peptide
Amylin

Question 2

Insulin is stored as secretory granule in what form

Answer 2

hexamer

Question 3

what is the biologically active form of insulin

Answer 3

monomer

Question 4

Insulin release requires what from the beta cells

Answer 4

increased intracellular calcium

Question 5

a rise in plasma glucose increases what ratio

Answer 5

ATP/ADP

Question 6

increase ATP in beta cell causes what

Answer 6

• close K channel
• depolarization
• influx voltage-dependent Ca channel

Question 7

what is the principal stimulus for insulin? best route of administration

Answer 7

glucose

better response with oral

Question 8

What beta agonist can stimulate inuslin

Answer 8

isoproterenol

Question 9

name 4 substances what will inhibit insulin release

Answer 9

Diazoxide
somatostatin
alpha2-agonist
beta2-antagonist

Question 10

what are the different parts of insulin receptor

Answer 10

alpha and beta

Question 11

Name the rapid insulin analgouges

Answer 11

aspart
glulisine
lispro

Question 12

what rapid insulin analogue is absorbed the fastest? when is it injected? How is it injected

Answer 12

aspart

• 5 min before meal
• sub-cutaneous, IV

Question 13

which short acting insulin is compatible only with NPH insulin in syringe? compatible only with NPH insulin?

Answer 13

Lispro and gluilisine

aspart

Question 14

Name long acting insuline

Answer 14

Determir

Glargine

Question 15

Determir biochemical arrangement

Answer 15

B30 amino acid threonine omitted and a 14 carbon fatty acid is attached to the
B29 amino acid.

Question 16

What is onset of Gargine

Answer 16

-Onset in 1 hr but constant response

Question 17

fever, hyperthyroidism, surgery, trauma, infection does what to insulin

Answer 17

increase insulin requirements

Question 18

nausea/ vomiting; hypothyroidism, renal impairment, liver impairment does what to insulin

Answer 18

Decreased insulin requirements

Question 19

most common adverse effects of insuline

Answer 19

hypoglycemia

Question 20

PRAMLINTIDE MOA

Answer 20

Synthetic amylin analog. Amylin released with insulin by βeta cells.

Question 21

Pramlintide use and how do you take the drug

Answer 21

Approved for Type 1 and 2 diabetics

Injected sc

Question 22

Pramlintide

Answer 22

1. Hypoglycemia – severe
2. Never mix with insulin in same syringe
3. DO not use in diabetic with gastroparesis

Question 23

SULPHONYLUREAS

1. MECHANISM OF ACTION OF SULPHONYLUREAS

Answer 23

Stimulate insulin release

-Binds to cell surface receptor

Question 24

Chlorpropamide, Tolbutamide

Answer 24

1st generation of sulphonylureas

Question 25

Glimepiride, Glyburide

Answer 25

2st generation of sulphonylureas

Question 26

Sulphonylureas uses

Answer 26

a. Type II Diabetes who are ketosis resistant c. Central Diabetes Insipidus Chlorpropamide in patients who cannot tolerate desmopressin

Question 27

Sulphonylureas contrandications

Answer 27

a. Hypoglycemia b. Contraindication ketoacidosis must use insulin c. Chlorpropamide