Disaster in the East: The Second Crusade Flashcards
(56 cards)
what called for the Second Crusade?
The papal bull, Quantum praedecessores
what did The papal bull, Quantum praedecessores, make specific reference to?
the fall of edessa
what did Eugenius III encourage christians to do in Quantumn praedecessores?
- Eugenius III implored Christians to reclaim lost territory and defend the Eastern Church.
- Eugenius III had also strongly hinted that the knights of Europe would be lesser men than their fathers if they allowed the successes of the First Crusade to be lost.
why did Eugenius III turned to the charismatic preacher, Bernard of Clairvaux, to recruit people for the second crusade?
Louis VII, king of France, took the cross but the general response was very poor; Louis’s barons were unenthusiastic
where did thousands took the cross 31st March 1146?
at Vezelay in Burgundy
where did Bernard of Clairvaux embark upon an intensive 7-month tour of?
the Low Countries and the Rhineland
what did Bernard of Clairvaux refer to his audience as?
the ‘lucky generation’ because of the opportunity.
why was the second crusade so significant?
No ruling monarch had taken the cross before; now, momentously, 2 had done so
what was the major issue, underlying the second crusade?
Despite the fall of Edessa being in the papal bull, the Second Crusade did not seem to have a single clear, unifying aim.
why did many northern barons claim they should not go on the second crusade?
Many northern German barons declared that they faced danger near home from non-Christian Slavic peoples who lived across the Elbe river.
what did northern german barons want, instead of a crusade to outremer?
They asked for permission to fight the non-Christians Slavic peoples who lived across the Elbe river and be recognised as crusaders for doing so
how was the Wendish Crusade authorised?
Conrad II authorised the ‘Wendish Crusade,’ and Bernard of Clairvaux persuaded Pope Eugenius III to approve it.
who, apart from the actual second crusade, gained crusading privileges at the same time?
- northern german barons; the wendish crusade
- Spanish knights/reconquistadores
why did Spanish knights/reconquistadores gain crusading privileges?
for fighting Muslims in Spain
why was Eugenius III’s decision to give crusading privileges to Spanish knights/reconquistadores for fighting Muslims in Spain a bit silly?
he was merely giving indulgences for an activity that was already under way
what expedition gained crusading status in june 1147?
expedition by Barcelona and Genoa against Almeria in Muslim Spain
why was there an expedition by barcelona and genoa against almeria in june 1147?
the major area was the newly est. kingdom of Portugal which was trying to expand at the expense of the Muslims
which part of the second crusade left for the east first?
conrad iii
what happened as the second crusade armies entered Byzantine lands?
Roger II, Norman king of Sicily and south Italy, launched an attack on the Byzantines
how did the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus respond to Roger II, Norman king of Sicily and south Italy, launching an attack on the Byzantines?
he made peace with the Seljuk Turks of Iconium (Rum, the greatest Muslim power in Anantolia)
Who refused to recognise Roger II, Norman king of Sicily and south Italy,’s rule?
Manuel I Comnenus and Conrad III
why were Relations between Manuel and the two monarchs of the second crusade difficult
- he had never been enthusiastic about the crusade, which served no Byzantine interest
- he knew that many in the French army were hostile to him and favoured the claims of Roger
- he feared that Conrad may be lured into a Franco-Sicilian alliance against him
- both armies were poorly disciplined and had done great damage on their march through Imperial territory
what route did manuel i suggest to conrad iii?
Manuel suggested that Conrad III should travel down the western coast of Anatolia to the city of Attalia
what route did conrad iii choose to take?
the inland route of the First Crusade via Dorylaeum.
