The First Crusade Dates Flashcards
1
Q
when was Constantinople founded by Roman Emperor Constantine I ?
A
330
2
Q
when did the Roman Empire became permanently divided between the East and West, and then further divided into 5 patriarchates?
A
395
3
Q
when did the collapse of the western half of the Roman Empire meant the remaining source of organised authority in the west was the church?
A
476
4
Q
when did the civil war in Spain begin between two Christian rivals for power, Julian and Roderic?
A
711
5
Q
when did the Abbasids seize power?
A
570
6
Q
when was the Battle of Guadalete (Visigothic rule fell apart and Muslims settled in Spain)?
A
711
7
Q
when did the pope gained strip of territory in Italy which formed the core of the Papal States ?
A
754
8
Q
when did the Fatimids conquered Egypt ?
A
959
9
Q
when did Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim order that the church of the Holy Sepulchre and other Christian places in and around Jerusalem be razed to the ground?
A
1009
10
Q
when did the Cordoba caliphate collapsed during civil war and was abolished /
A
1031
11
Q
when was Krak de Chevaliers originally built by emir of Aleppo?
A
1031
12
Q
when did Muslim al-Andalus collapsed ?
A
1031
13
Q
when did Henry IV became King of Germany?
A
1054
14
Q
when was the great schsim
A
1054
15
Q
when did Constantine X become Emperor of Byzantium
A
1059
16
Q
when was the Treaty Of Melfi
A
1059
17
Q
when was the College of Cardinals formed
A
1059
18
Q
when did Philip I became king of France
A
1060
19
Q
when did Robert Guiscard invaded Sicily
A
1060
20
Q
when did Pope Alexander II promised indulgence for those who fought for the Cross in Spain
A
1063
21
Q
when was El Cid’s first battle experience at the Battle of Graus
A
1063
22
Q
when did the Seljuk Turks spent most of this time fighting their religious enemies
A
1063-92
23
Q
when did Alp Arslan became Seljuk leader
A
1064
24
Q
when was the Great German Pilgrimage
A
1064-65
25
when did William I conquered England
1066
26
when did Constantine X die
1067
27
when did Romanus IV Diogenes becomes Emperor
1067
28
when did Seljuks under Alp Arslan invaded Byzantine Empire
1068
29
when did Roger de Hauteville defeated Muslims at Misilmeri
1068
30
when did Turks captured Jerusalem from the Fatimids
1071
31
when was Philip I's attempt to assert dominance in Flanders was a humiliating defeat
1071
32
when was the Fall of Byzantine Bari in Italy to Normand led by Robert Guiscard
april 1071
33
when was Romanus IV captured and his army routed at the Battle of Manzikert by Seljuk Turkish leader Alp Arslan.
august 1071
34
when was Romanus IV released by Alp Arslan
3 september 1071
35
when was Michael VII proclaimed emperor
OCT 1071
36
when did Nizam al-Mulk, Alp Arslan's former chief minister (vizier), became the de facto ruler of Seljuk territories
1072-1092
37
when did Normans besieged and captured Palermo in Sicily
1072
38
when was the v
nov 1072
39
when did Malik Shah I succeeded Alp Arslan as Great Seljuk Sultan
dec 1072
40
when did Emperor Michael VII attempted to repair the Empire’s relationship with the Bishop of Rome.
1073
41
when did Pope Gregory VII planned to lead an expedition to fight the Turks but was unable to achieve this.
1073
42
when did Badr al-Jamali (Christian Armenian) became chief minister (vizier) of Fatimid Caliphate
1073
43
when did Pope Alexander II die
1073
44
when did Roussel of Bailleul, a Norman mercenary, deserted with several hundred followers and set up his own lordship around Amaseia.
1073
45
when was a new expedition to spain organised by French noble, Ebles of Roucy
1073
46
when did Gregory VII became pope.
april 1073
47
when was there a Major period of Byzantine economic weakness and currency devaluation
1074-78
48
when did Badr al-Jamali had his Turkish enemies murdered at a banquet
1074
49
when did Guiscard's daughter, Helena, married Constantine (son of Emperor Michael VII)
1074
50
when had Gregory VII had promised to bring military aid to Michael VII to help him avenge Manzikert but had failed to do so.
1074
51
when did Dictatus Papae entered into the papal register.
1075
52
when was there a Major dispute over appointment of Archbishop of Milan;
1075
53
when was the Establishment of Turkish Danishmends in Anatolia.
1075
54
when did Byzantine general Alexius Comnenus overthrew Roussel, 2 years after he set up his lordship.
1075
55
when did Suleiman captures Nicaea and Nicomedia for the Sultanate of Rum.
1075
56
when did Gregory VII established synods where lay investiture was forbidden
1075
57
when did Emperor Henry IV declared Pope Gregory VII deposed
jan 1076
58
when did Pope Gregory VII declared Emperor Henry VI excommunicated and deposed
feb 1076
59
when did Guiscard took the city of Salerno, expelling its Lombard prince, Gisulf
dec 1076
60
when did Suleiman ibn Qutulmish established Sultanate of Rum out of Seljuk territories in Anatolia
1077
61
when did Philip I prevented William I of England from annexing Brittany
1077
62
when did Phileretos established himself as an independent ruler of Cilicia and took the city of Antioch
1077
63
when was Henry IV forced to walk to Canossa to beg for lifting of excommunication. Gregory VII reluctantly lifted it.
jan 1077
64
when did Nikephorus Botaneiates led a rebellion against Michael VII. Suleiman, Sultan of Rum, supported Nikephorus.
oct 1077
65
when was there a Period of numerous rebellions by Byzantine generals (Nikephorous Bryennios, Nikephorous Basilakes, Constantine Ducas)
1078-81
66
when was Lay investiture formally forbidden by Gregory VII at Roman synod
1078
67
when did Malik Shah I's brother, Tutush I, became Emir of Damascus.
1078
68
when was there Appt of a new governor if Mesopotamia by Nikephorous III
1078
69
when did Atsiz attempted to invade Egypt - was repelled but Badr's attempts to regain lost territories failed.
1078
70
when did Hugh I, Duke of Burgundy, led an army to aid Alfonso VI of Castile, his brother in law
1078
71
when did Michael VII resigned the throne after a coup led by General Nikephorous Botaneiates
31 march 1078
72
when did General Nikephorous Botaneiates became Emperor Nikephorous III
jul 1078
73
when did Matilda of Tuscany actively supported Pope Gregory VII against Henry IV
1079-84
74
when was Nicaea garrisoned by Turks - given to Suleiman ibn Qutulmish.
1080
75
when did Gregory VII deposed Henry IV for a second time
1080
76
when did Henry IV declared Gregory VII deposed and installed 'Clement III'.
1080
77
when did Gregory VII gave his personal encouragement to an expedition to spain led by Guy-Geoffrey
1080
78
when were 3 sons of Mandakes were occupying strongpoints in the region of Kaisereia, presumably on behalf of the empire
1080-81
79
when did Gregory reinvested Guiscard
jun 1080
80
when did Alexius I formed a good relationship with the Turk Suleiman of Rum and made an alliance with Henry IV
1081
81
when was Philip I's eldest son, Louis, born
1081
82
when did Henry IV invaded and appointed an antipope as Clement III
1081
83
when did General Alexius Comnenus seized Constantinople and claimed to be emperor
1 april 1081
84
when did Patriarch Kosmas I crowned Alexius I emperor.
4 april 1081
85
when did Guiscard invaded Epirus with 16,000 men, incl. 1,300 knights.
may 1081
86
when was Alexius I defeated by Robert Guiscard and Normans at Battle of Dyrrhachium
oct 1081
87
when did Bribes by Alexius I to Henry IV of Germany forced Normans to return to Italy and defend their possessions from him
1082-83
88
when did Alexius I made a treaty with Venice to assist him against the Normans
1082
89
when were Venetians were exempt from ‘Kommerkion’ by Alexius I and did not have to pay commercial tax (10%)
1082
90
when did Alexius I apologised to the clergy for taking unused church treasures to help fund efforts against the normans
1082
91
when did Normans occupied Byzantine Corfu
feb 1082
92
when was Guiscard recalled to aid Gregory VII, besieged in Castel Sant'Angelo by Henry IV
jun 1083
93
when were Normans defeated by Byzantines at Battle of Larissa
jul 1083
94
when did Henry IV gained control of Rome and was crowned as Emperor, by Clement III
1084
95
when did Robert Guiscard marched on Rome, freeing Gregory VII
may 1084
96
when did Alexius I's ally, Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, gained Antioch
1085
97
when did Castilians captured symbolically important city of Toledo which prompted a Muslim revival led by the Almoravids
1085
98
when did the excesses of the Normans in Rome forced Gregory VII to flee; he died in Salerno
may 1085
99
when was Toledo in Spain captured from Muslims by Alfonso VI of Castile and Leon
1085
100
when was the death of Suleiman of Rum (killed by Tutush I of Syria) and his territories fell to Alexius I's Turkish enemies;
1086
101
when did Danishmends exploited power vacuum to establish independence in Central Anatolia
1086
102
when did fearing a potential Danish invasion, William the Conqueror compiled the Domesday Book
1086
103
when did Gregory VII die
1086
104
when did Pope Victor III's reign began
may 1086
105
when did Taifa princes, with Almoravid assistance, won a victory at the Battle of Sagrajas
oct 1086
106
when did Pechenegs raided into Thrace
1087
107
when was the Mahdia campaign f
1087
108
when did Hassan-I Sabbah seized Alamut castle
1087
109
when were the mudbrick walls of Cairo replaced with stone
1087
110
when were Christian knights were urgently summoned to Spain to oppose the Almoravids
1087
111
when did Henry IV arranged for his son Conrad to be crowned as co-ruler
may 1087
112
when did Pope Victor III die
sep 1087
113
when did William the Conqueror die and was succeeded by his second son, William II, and his eldest son, Robert received Normandy
sep 1087
114
when did Urban II maintained Gregory VII's struggle against Emperor Henry IV
1088-95
115
when was Seljuk ruler Caka (Tzachas) established at Smyrna in Anatolia
1088
116
when did Pope Urban II's reign began
march 1088
117
when was Henry IV forced to accept greater Saxon autonomy
1089
118
when did Fatimids launched counter-offensive against Seljuks in Palestine, recapturing Gaza, Ascalon, Sidon, and Tyr
1089
119
when did urkish leader Caka launched a fleet and attempted to arrange a joint siege of Constantinople with the Pechenegs
1090
120
when did Henry IV invaded lands of Matilda of Tuscany
1090
121
when did Abu'l-Kasim (Turkish ruler of Nicaea)prepared to attack Nicomedia
1090
122
when did Almoravids took Cordoba
1091
123
when did a Diversion of some Flemish knights to deal with Pechenegs meant Nicomedia was lost
1091
124
when did the siege of Palermo led to Sicily being completely in Norman control
1091
125
when did Alexius I crushed Pechenegs at Lebounion
29 april 1091
126
when did Alexius I introduced Hyperpyron to stabilise the economy
1092
127
when did Kilij Arslan I, son of Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, re-established Sultanate of Rum at Nicaea
1092
128
when did Philip I seduced/abducted Bertrade, Countess of Anjou and repudiated his wife Bertha
1092
129
when did Almoravids seized Murcia
1092
130
when did Almoravids contested control of Valencia, but lost it to El Cid
1092-94
131
when did Philip I married Bertrade of Anjou
may 1092
132
when dud Henry IV had crushed Matilda of Tuscany and her allies but they refused to acknowledge Clement III as pope
june 1092
133
when was Nizam al-Mulk assassinated
oct 1092
134
when was the Death of Malik Shah I, Tutush I took control of Syria
nov 1092
135
when did Barkiyaruq succeeded his father, Malik Shah I, as Great Seljuk Sultan
dec 1092
136
when did Kilij Arslan murdered his rival and father-in-law, Caka, at a banquet in Smyrna
1093
137
when did Matilda turned Henry IV's son, Conrad, against him
1093
138
when did William II became seriously ill - in a panic, nominated Anselm of Bec to be Archbishop of Canterbury
1093
139
when did Cumans raided into Byzantine territory but their leader was killed at Adrianople
1094
140
when did Alexius appealed to Pope Urban II in Western Europe for aid
1094
141
when was the Death of Abbasid Caliph, al-Muqtad
1094
142
when did Henry IV's wife, Empress Eupraxia, abandoned him and was rescued from Verona by Matilda of Tuscany
1094
143
when was Philip I was excommunicated
1094
144
when did Almoravids captured Badajov
1094
145
when did Badr al-Jamali died
jun 1094
146
when was the Death of al-Mustansir
dec 1094
147
when did Musta’li and Nizar fought to succeed to Fatimid caliphate.
1094-97
148
when was Tutush I killed in battle by Sultan Barkiyaruq;
1095
149
when did Nizar die
1095
150
when did the Byzantine delegation reached Pope Urban II at Council of Piacenza with Alexius I's letter asking for military aid against the Turks.
mar 1095
151
when did Eupraxia accused Henry IV of serious sexual crimes at the Council of Piacenza
march 1095
152
when was the Council of Clermont
nov 1095
153
when did Henry IV restored Welfs to the Duchy of Bavaria and they lifted the blockade of Verona
1096
154
when did crusaders destroyed most of the Jewish communities along the Rhine in pogroms
late spring-summer 1096
155
when did Peter the Hermit gathered his army at Cologne, planning to stop and gather more through preaching
12 april 1096
156
when did Peter the Hermit and the remaining crusaders left Cologne
20 april 1096
157
when did a few thousand French crusaders reached Hungary, under Walter, passing through without incident and arriving at the river Sava at the border of Byzantine territory at Belgrade
8 may 1096
158
when did Peter the Hermit reached Nish after marching for 7 days
3 jul 1096
159
when did Peter the Hermit reached Sofia and met Byzantine escort
12 july 1096
160
when did the 3 main crusader armies left Europe
august 1096
161
when did Peter the Hermit reached Constantinople
1 aug 1096
162
when did Alexius I ferried all 30,000 people's crusade across the Bosporus
6 aug 1096
163
when did the 20,000 strong People's crusade army marched toward Nicaea
21 oct 1096
164
when did Anselm of Bec, Archbishop of Canterbury, fled into exile
1097
165
when were the Danishmends at war with Kilij Arslan
1097
166
when did Fatimids captured Tyre from Seljuks
1097
167
when did Alexius sent Taticius to Nicaea to assist the crusaders
1097
168
when did Baldwin I married Arda
1097
169
when was the Siege of Nicaea
may-jun 1097
170
when did Alp Arslan attacked crusader army besieging Nicaea
16 may 1097
171
when did Turkish garrison surrendered and Nicaea handed over to Byzantine troops
18 june 1097
172
when did Crusaders marched through Anatolia accompanied by some Byzantine troops under Taticius
JUNE 1097
173
when was the Battle of Dorylaeum
1 jul 1097
174
when was the Siege of Antioch
oct 1097-june 1098
175
when did Crusaders set Antioch to siege
20 oct 1097
176
when did Duqaq sent a force against the crusaders at Antioch
dec 1097
177
when, in Edessa, was Baldwin of Boulogne adopted as heir by King Thoros
1098
178
when was the discovery of the Holy Lance
jun 1098
179
when did Ridwan sent a force against the crusaders at Antioch
feb 1098
180
when did Bohemond's military skill secured a victory at the Lake Battle outside Antioch
jfeb 1098
181
when did Baldwin became new ruler, creating Count of Edessa, first crusader state
march 1098
182
when did Fatimids offered to ally with the Crusader
april 1098
183
when did Kerbogha of Mosul approached Antioch to relieve the siege
may 1098
184
when did Crusaders entered Antioch and killed most inhabitants
june 1098
185
when did crusaders (Bohemond) defeated Kerbogha in a pitched battle
28 jun 1098
186
when was the letter heavily influenced by Bohemond, the crusaders referred to the Greeks as heretics, as well as other eastern Christian churches
sep 1098
187
when, after Arab town Ma'arrat al-Numan captured after a siege, did the first occurence of cannibalism among crusaders
dec 1098
188
when did Daimbert set out for the East with a lawless Pisan fleet
1099
189
when did Pope becomes Paschal II
1099
190
when was the Journey to Jerusalem
jan-jun 1099
191
when did Sultan ibn Munqidh, emir of Shaizar, offered provisions and food for men and horses, as well as guides to Jerusalem.
14 jan 1099
192
when was Arqah besieged but did not fall
14 feb-5 apr 1099
193
when did the emir of Homs, Janah ad-Dawla offered horses to Raymond.
feb 1099
194
when did Crusaders passed through Ramleh
3 jun 1099
195
when did Crusaders reached Jerusalem
7 jun 1099
196
when was the first crusader assault on jerusalem
13 jun 1099
197
when did Genoese mariners under Guglielmo Embriaco arrive at Jaffa and provide crusaders with skilled engineers and timber supplies to build siege towers
17 jun 1099
198
when did the crusaders performed procession around jerusalem
8 jul 1099
199
when was the final assault on Jerusalem
13 jul 1099
200
when did jerusalem falls to crusaders
15 jul 1099
201
when was the Battle of Ascalon
aug 1099
202
when was Arnulf elected patriarch of Jerusalem
1 aug 1099
203
when did Bohemond and Daimbert arrive in Jerusalem
21 dec 1099
