European Aid and Assistance 1100-1131

Question 1

why did the Leaders of new crusader states need to gain control of Levantine coast?

Answer 1

without it, there was little chance of them receiving reinforcements from Europe that would enable them to permanently establish themselves

Question 2

why did the Franks need such assistance from the Italian city states, especially with fleets?

Answer 2

Franks lacked a coherent navy and the only nearby Christian power with one was Byzantium, which they were now on very poor terms with

Question 3

why did the Italian city states have such large fleets?

Answer 3

they had long traded through the Mediterranean

Question 4

why were the Italian city states to eager to help the Franks?

Answer 4

they were in competition with each other and were eager to assist the Franks in return for trade privileges

Question 5

what is a limitation to the aid and support the Italian city states provided for Outremer?

Answer 5

City-states operated mostly out of a desire to increase their own trade and profits so extracted heavy concessions from rulers of Crusader states in return for their aid

Question 6

how did Pisa aid Outremer?

Answer 6

1100: Pisa aided the attempt to conquer Lattakieh for the Principality of Antioch

Question 7

how did Genoa aid Outremer?

Answer 7

• 1101: Genoa aided in the conquest of Arsuf and Caesarea for the Kingdom of Jerusalem
• 1102: Genoa helped to capture Tortosa for the County of Tripoli
• 1103: Genoa helped to capture Jebail for the County of Tripoli and aids the capture of Lattakieh for the Principality of Antioch
• 1104: Genoa aided in the conquest of Acre for the Kingdom of Jerusalem
• 1109: Genoese and Provencal fleets aided the capture of Tripoli for the County of Tripoli

Question 8

how did Provencal aid Outremer?

Answer 8

1109: Genoese and Provencal fleets aided the capture of Tripoli for the County of Tripoli

Question 9

how did Venice aid Outremer?

Answer 9

• 1110: Venice aided the capture of Sidon for the Kingdom of Jerusalem
• 1124: Venice aided in the capture of Tyre for the Kingdom of Jerusalem

Question 10

where did Pisa aid Antioch in 1100?

Answer 10

at the attempt to conquer Lattakieh

Question 11

which crusader state did Pisa aid at Lattakieh 1100?

Answer 11

Antioch

Question 12

where did Genoa aid Jerusalem in 1101?

Answer 12

at the conquest of Arsuf and Caesarea

Question 13

which crusader state did Genoa aid at Arsuf and Caesarea in 1101?

Answer 13

Jerusalem

Question 14

where did Genoa aid Tripoli in 1102?

Answer 14

to help capture Tortosa

Question 15

which crusader state did Genoa aid at Tortosa in 1102?

Answer 15

Tripoli

Question 16

where did Genoa help Tripoli to capture in 1103?

Answer 16

Jebail;

Question 17

where did Genoa aid Antioch in the capture of in 1103?

Answer 17

Lattakieh

Question 18

which crusader state did Genoa aid at Jebail in 1103?

Answer 18

Tripoli

Question 19

which crusader state did Genoa aid at Lattakieh in 1103?

Answer 19

Antioch

Question 20

which city state aided Antioch at Lattakieh in 1100?

Answer 20

Pisa

Question 21

which city state aided Jerusalem at Arsuf and Caesarea in 1101?

Answer 21

Genoa

Question 22

which city state aided tripoli at tortosa in 1102?

Answer 22

genoa

Question 23

which city state aided Tripoli at Jebail in 1103?

Answer 23

genoa

Question 24

which city state aided Antioch at Lattakieh in 1103?

Answer 24

genoa

Question 25

which city state aided jerusalem at acre in 1104?

Answer 25

genoa

Question 26

which city state aided tripoli at tripoli in 1109?

Answer 26

genoa and provencal

Question 27

which city state aided jerusalem at sidon in 1110?

Answer 27

venice

Question 28

which city state aided jerusalem at tyre in 1124?

Answer 28

venice

Question 29

which crusader state did Genoa aid at acre in 1104?

Answer 29

jerusalem

Question 30

which crusader state did Genoa aid at tripoli in 1109?

Answer 30

tripoli

Question 31

which crusader state did venice aid at sidon in 1110?

Answer 31

jerusalem

Question 32

which crusader state did venice aid at tyre in 1124?

Answer 32

jerusalem

Question 33

where did Genoa aid Jerusalem in the capture of in 1104?

Answer 33

acre

Question 34

where did Genoa and provencal aid tripoli in the capture of in 1109?

Answer 34

tripoli

Question 35

where did venice aid jerusalem in the capture of in 1110?

Answer 35

sidon

Question 36

where did venice aid jerusalem in the capture of in 1124?

Answer 36

tyre

Question 37

summarise the 1101 crusade

Answer 37

internally divided force largely destroyed by the Turks of Anatolia.

Question 38

what was the norwegian crusade 1107-1110?

Answer 38

King Sigurd led a Norwegian contingent in support of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

Question 39

what was the outcome of the 1101 crusade?

Answer 39

- A small number of crusaders made it to Jerusalem - They were of some limited aid to Baldwin I and fought with him in his early battles with the Fatimids

Question 40

who were the 1101 crusaders of limited aid to?

Answer 40

baldwin i

Question 41

why was the norwegian crusade noteworthy?

Answer 41

led by the first european king to go on crusade

Question 42

what was King Sigurd's nickname?

Answer 42

His crusader feats earned him the nickname 'Jorsalafari' (Jerusalem-farer)

Question 43

how did the Norwegian crusade aid outremer?

Answer 43

Dec 1110: Worked with Baldwin I of Jerusalem to capture the coastal city of Sidon

Question 44

what are the 3 main ways europe assisted outremer 1100-1131?

Answer 44

- italian city-states - minor crusades - military orders

Question 45

which minor crusades occurred 1100-1119?

Answer 45

- 1101 crusade - norwegian crusade 1107-1110

Question 46

which minor crusades occured 1119-1131?

Answer 46

- Venetian crusade 1122-24 - damascus crusade 1129

Question 47

why was the venetian crusade sent?

Answer 47

in response to a request for aid from King Baldwin II of Jerusalem, Pope Calixtus II asked the Venetians to crusade

Question 48

who approved the damascus crusade?

Answer 48

possibly indirectly approved by the pope at the Council of Troyes January 1129

Question 49

what were the successes of the venetian crusade 1122-24?

Answer 49

- Defeated a Fatimid fleet - 1124: captured Tyre

Question 50

what was a success of the dmaascus crusade 1129?

Answer 50

resulted in the capture of Banias, a town on the road between Tyre and Damascus

Question 51

what did the damascus crusade aim and fail to do?

Answer 51

Failed to capture Damascus

Question 52

which military order was founded in 1119?

Answer 52

templars

Question 53

which military order was militarised in 1131?

Answer 53

the hospitallers

Question 54

whose needs did the military orders emerge to fit?

Answer 54

the medieval knight, the church, and the frontier societies of Latin Christendom

Question 55

WHAT VITAL ROLE DID THE hOSPITALLERS PLAY IN OUTREMER?

Answer 55

medical role in the Holy Land, assisting sick pilgrims

Question 56

how did the military orders become so popular?

Answer 56

Many European nobles and knights joined the orders

Question 57

what did the milotary orders receive when european nobles and knights joined?

Answer 57

When they took the traditional monastic oaths of poverty, many of their lands in W. Europe were brought under the control of the order as donations

Question 58

what did the military orders use their lands and holdings in the west to do?

Answer 58

to raise money to spend in the Holy Land on the defence of pilgrims and the construction of castles

Question 59

why did the templars rapidly expand in the latin west?

Answer 59

due to powerful patrons prepared to promote them

Question 60

who was one of the first nobles to support the templars?

Answer 60

fulk of anjou

Question 61

how did fulk of anjou support the templars as a patron?

Answer 61

he joined them while on pilgrimage 1120 and established regular donations to them when he returned to France

Question 62

what presitigious event did hugh de payns attend?

Answer 62

Hugh de Payns was able to attend the Council of Troyes as, in the autumn of 1127, he had been sent to the Latin West by Baldwin II who saw him as a recruitment tool for his planned attack on Damascus - Templars participated in 1129 Damascus Crusade

Question 63

why was hugh de payns able to attend the council of troyes?

Answer 63

in the autumn of 1127, he had been sent to the Latin West by Baldwin II who saw him as a recruitment tool for his planned attack on Damascus - Templars participated in 1129 Damascus Crusade

Question 64

why had huigh de payns been sent to the latin west in austumn 1127 by baldwin ii?

Answer 64

he saw him as a recruitment tool for his planned attack on Damascus

Question 65

where did hugh de payns travel in the latin west?

Answer 65

Hugh travelled through France, England, and Scotland

Question 66

what are some limitations to the aid the military orders were able to provide 1100-1131?

Answer 66

- Military orders were exempt from most taxation and were answerable only to the pope - made them independent from the rulers of the crusader states and therefore potentially difficult to direct/possibly liability in certain circumstances - both orders were only established at the end of this time period and were therefore very small at this point

Question 67

why was it not helpful that Military orders were exempt from most taxation and were answerable only to the pope ?

Answer 67

it made them independent from the rulers of the crusader states and therefore potentially difficult to direct/possibly liability in certain circumstances