Disorders and Therapy 2

Question 1

behavior therapies

Answer 1

action based rather than insight based
aim is to change bx through use of same kinds of learning techniques that people and animals use to learn any new responses
abnormal bx not symptom of anything but problem itself

Question 2

applied behavior analysis

Answer 2

originally called behavior modification
using learning techniques to change undesirable bx and increase desirable bx
need for functional analysis of bx then conditioning techniques

Question 3

systematic desensitization

Answer 3

therapist guides client through series of steps meant to reduce fear and anxiety
normally used to treat phobia disorder
three steps: learn to relax, them list of fears, then confronts fears from least to greatest
pair relaxation with fear object to remove fear

Question 4

hierarchy of fears

Answer 4

list of fears in systematic desensitization

Question 5

aversion therapy

Answer 5

reduce frequency of undesirable bx by teaching client to pair aversive stimulus with stimulus that results in undesirable response

Question 6

rapid-smoking

Answer 6

have to smoke a ton, feel sick, stop

Question 7

exposure therapies

Answer 7

behavioral techniques that introduce the client to situations, under carefully controlled conditions, which are related to their anxieties or fears

Question 8

kinds of exposure therapies

Answer 8

in vivo = in life, exposed to actual thing
imaginal = client visualizes or imagines thing
virtual = virtual reality used

Question 9

graded exposure

Answer 9

gradual exposure

begins at least feared object and ends at most feared

Question 10

flooding

Answer 10

exposure is rapid and intense

controlled, produces extinction of conditioned fear response by preventing escape or avoidance response

Question 11

eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing

Answer 11

exposure-based therapy, sometimes for PTSD
very brief and imaginal flooding, cognitive reprocessing and desensitization of fearful event, rapid eye movements or other bilateral stimulation
controversial bc evolved from founder’s theory

Question 12

modeling

Answer 12

based on operant conditioning
learning through observation and imitation of model
bandora
person with specific fears or someone who needs to develop social skills can learn to do so by watching someone else confront fears or demonstrate skills

Question 13

participant modeling

Answer 13

model demonstrates desired bx in step by step, gradual process
in person or in video

Question 14

token economy

Answer 14

objects/tokens can be traded for food, privileges, etc

earn tokens for behaving correctly or accomplishing behavioral goals

Question 15

contingency contract

Answer 15

formal agreement between therapist and client in which both parties’ responsibilities and goals are clearly stated
useful for drug addiction, education problems, and eating disorders

Question 16

time-out

Answer 16

removed from situation that provides reinforcement

Question 17

cognitive therapy

Answer 17

beck
help people change how they think
rather than focus on bx, focus on distorted thinking
goal is to help clients test in more objective way the truth of their beliefs and bx of others
can recognize distorted thoughts and replace with healthy ones

Question 18

arbitrary inference

Answer 18

jumping to conclusions without any evidence

Question 19

selective thinking

Answer 19

person focuses only on one aspect of situation, leaving out other relevant facts that might make things seem less negative

Question 20

overgeneralization

Answer 20

person draws sweeping conclusion from one incident and then assumes that conclusion applies to areas of life that have nothing to do with original event

Question 21

magnification and minimization

Answer 21

person blows bad things out of proportion while not emphasizing good things

Question 22

personalization

Answer 22

individual takes responsibility or blame for events that aren’t really connected to individual

Question 23

cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer 23

focuses on present rather than past
assumes people interact with world with more than simple reactions to external stimuli
cognitions affect bx, cognitions can be changed, bx change can result from cognitive change

Question 24

rational emotive behavior therapy

Answer 24

clients taught way to challenge own irrational beliefs with more rational, helpful statements

Question 25

group therapy

Answer 25

group of clients with similar problems gather together to discuss problems under guidance of single therapist
only effective if long term
better if used to promote skilled social interactions rather than as attempt to decrease more bizarre symptoms

Question 26

family counseling/family therapy

Answer 26

all members of family who are experiencing some type of problem seen by therapist as group
no one person problem, everyone part, everyone plays role

Question 27

self-help groups/support groups

Answer 27

meet with others about similar problem, cheaper, member leads each week