Research and Stats (Two)

Question 1

statistics

Answer 1

the field that gives tools to collect and analyze data

Question 2

sample

Answer 2

a group of people selected, usually randomly, from a larger population of people

Question 3

statistics

Answer 3

the branch of math that is concerned with the collection and interpretation of data from samples

Question 4

descriptive statistics

Answer 4

a way of organizing numbers and summarizing them so that they can be understood

Question 5

two main types of descriptive stats

Answer 5

measures of central tendency

measures of variability

Question 6

measures of central tendency

Answer 6

used to summarize the data and give one score that seems typical of sample

Question 7

measures of variability

Answer 7

used to indicate how spread out the data are

Question 8

frequency distribution

Answer 8

table or graph that shows how often different numbers or scores appear in a particular set of scores

Question 9

histogram

Answer 9

a common graph, bar graph

Question 10

polygon

Answer 10

a line graph

Question 11

normal curve

Answer 11

common frequency distribution

unimodal, symmetric, bell curve

Question 12

skewed

Answer 12

when distribution isn’t even on both sides of a central score with the highest frequency

Question 13

skewed distribution

Answer 13

positively or negatively skewed

Question 14

negatively skewed

Answer 14

concentration in high end (skewed left)

Question 15

positively skewed

Answer 15

concentration in low end (skewed right)

Question 16

bimodal distributions

Answer 16

two modes, two high points

Question 17

measure of central tendency

Answer 17

number that best represents the central part of a frequency distribution
mean, median, mode

Question 18

mean

Answer 18

arithmetic average of a distribution of numbers
good when normal/low standard deviation
not resistant so not good with outliers

Question 19

outlier

Answer 19

values that are extreme and therefore distort accuracy

Question 20

median

Answer 20

score that falls in the middle of an ordered distribution
half of scores above, half below
resistant

Question 21

mode

Answer 21

most common value

simplest measure

Question 22

bimodal

Answer 22

has two modes

Question 23

skewed distributions what happens to mean median mode

Answer 23

mean pulled in direction of tail, mode highest point, median in middle of two

Question 24

if bimodal what use

Answer 24

none do much good

Question 25

measures of variability

Answer 25

used to discover how spread out the scores are from each other

Question 26

range

Answer 26

difference between highest and lowest score

not resistant so not good to use when there are outliers

Question 27

standard deviation

Answer 27

square root of average deviation of scores from mean

smaller is better

Question 28

empirical rule

Answer 28

68 in 1, 95 in 2, 99.7 in 3

Question 29

z score

Answer 29

how many standard deviations you are away from the mean

(x - mean)/standard deviation

Question 30

inferential statistics

Answer 30

allows researchers to draw conclusions or make inferences about results of research and about whether results are only true for specific group involved in study or whether results can be applied to or generalized to the larger population
tells how much confidence should have in relationship

Question 31

statistically significant

Answer 31

a way to test differences to see how likely those differences are to be real and not just caused by the random variations in behavior that exist everywhere

Question 32

t test

Answer 32

a formula that results in a single number t that evaluates the probability that the difference between the two group means is due to pure chance or luck
probability symbolized by letter p

Question 33

p meanings

Answer 33

if p > 0.05 then not valid

if p less than or equal to 0.05 then can draw conclusions from data

Question 34

significant difference

Answer 34

a difference thought not to be due to chance

Question 35

tests

Answer 35

t test (determines if two means are different from each other)
f test or analysis of variance
chi square

Question 36

f test or analysis of variance

Answer 36

determines if three or more means are different from each other
can evaluate more than one independent variable at a time

Question 37

chi square

Answer 37

compares frequencies of proportions between groups to see if they are different

Question 38

basic research

Answer 38

research to collect data not to solve problem

Question 39

applied research

Answer 39

research trying to solve problem, psychology is mainly applied research

Question 40

ethnocentrism

Answer 40

belief that groups you’re part of are better/more favorable