States of Consciousness 1

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

your awareness of everything that is going on around you and inside your own head at any given moment, which you use to organize your behavior, including your thoughts, sensations, and feelings

Question 2

waking consciousness

Answer 2

most of time awake spent here

thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized, feel alert

Question 3

altered state of consciousness

Answer 3

occurs when there is a shift in quality or pattern of mental activity, thoughts fuzzy, disoriented, or more alert
divide awareness

Question 4

biological rhythms

Answer 4

natural cycles of activity that the body must go through
different lengths
most obvious = sleep-wake cycle

Question 5

circadian rhythm

Answer 5

cycle that takes about a day to complete

Question 6

hypothalamus

Answer 6

tiny section of brain that influences glandular system

controls sleep-wake cycle

Question 7

melatonin

Answer 7

hormone normally secreted by pineal gland
release of it influenced by suprachiasmatic nucleus
helps people know when to sleep and fall asleep
helps with metabolism and shift workers

Question 8

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 8

in hypothalamus
influences release of melatonin
internal clock that tells people when to wake up and when to fall asleep
sensitive to changes in light, as daylight fades, tells pineal gland to secrete melatonin, tells pineal gland to stop secreting melatonin when daylight begins

Question 9

jet lag

Answer 9

body’s circadian rhythm has been disrupted by traveling to another time zone

Question 10

neurotransmitters involved in sleep

Answer 10

serotonin-producing neurons most active during wakefulness

Question 11

body temperature sleep relationship

Answer 11

higher the body temp, more alert

when asleep, lowest body temp

Question 12

SCN research clock

Answer 12

SCN may be responsible for resetting body’s biological clock to 24 hour cycle every day

Question 13

microsleeps

Answer 13

brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only seconds

when people don’t sleep for a while

Question 14

sleep deprivation

Answer 14

loss of sleep
serious problem, important for memory and clear thinking, mental and physical functioning, form new memories, emotional well-being

Question 15

adaptive theory of sleep

Answer 15

sleep is a product of evolution
animals and humans evolved different sleep patterns to avoid being present during their predators’ normal hunting times, typically at night
nocturnal animals can sleep during day because sleep high in trees

Question 16

restorative theory of sleep

Answer 16

sleep necessary to physical health of body

during sleep, chemicals replenished and cellular damage repaired and brain plasticity enhanced

Question 17

which sleep theory correct

Answer 17

both
adaptive explains why people sleep when they do
restorative explains why people need to sleep

Question 18

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Answer 18

relatively psychologically active type of sleep
most dreaming takes place
voluntary muscles inhibited (move v little)

Question 19

non-REM (NREM) sleep

Answer 19

lighter to deeper, more restful sleep

body free to move around

Question 20

beta waves

Answer 20

very small and very fast

wide awake and mentally active

Question 21

alpha waves

Answer 21

slightly larger and slower

appear as person relaxes and gets drowsy

Question 22

theta waves

Answer 22

eventually replace alpha waves

even slower and larger

Question 23

N1 (R and K stage 1)

Answer 23

light sleep
if awakened, don’t believe were asleep
experience hypnogogic images or hallucinations
hypnic jerk

Question 24

hypnogogic images/hallucinations

Answer 24

vivid visual events in N1/light sleep

alien abductions, ghosts, etc

Question 25

hypnic jerk

Answer 25

when knees, legs, or whole body gives a big jerk when drifting off to sleep
could be that relaxation of muscles as one drifts into sleep causes falling sensation and body jerks awake to prevent fall from hypothetical tree (evolutionary)

Question 26

N2 (R and K stage 2)

Answer 26

sleep spindles
body temp drops, heart rate slows, breathing more shallow and irregular
sleep spindles occur
theta waves, if awakened know were asleep

Question 27

sleep spindles

Answer 27

brief bursts of activity lasting only a second or two

stage 2

Question 28

N3 (R and K stages 3 and 4)

Answer 28

delta waves
deepest sleep, slow wave sleep (SWS)
growth hormones released from pituitary gland and reach peak
body at lowest level of functioning
very hard to awaken, disoriented, kids sleep deeper and harder to wake up

Question 29

delta waves

Answer 29

slowest and largest waves

appear in third stage of sleep

Question 30

R (R and K REM)

Answer 30

in N3, then N2, then body temperature increases, eyes move rapidly under the eyelids, heart faster, beta waves
paradoxical sleep
90% of dreams occur here, more detailed and bizarre than NREM dreams (which are more like common thoughts)
sleep paralysis in REM

Question 31

sleep paralysis

Answer 31

body unable to act upon dreams in normal conditions because voluntary muscles are paralyzed

Question 32

purpose of REM vs NREM

Answer 32

REM: emotionally stressful day, way of dealing with stresses of day
NREM: physically exhausting day, recovery of body

Question 33

REM rebound

Answer 33

if deprived of REM sleep (ex by sleeping pills or other depressant drugs), person will experience greatly increased amounts of REM sleep the next night

Question 34

REM myth

Answer 34

people deprived of REM sleep will become paranoid, seemingly mentally ill from lack of REM sleep
FAKE

Question 35

baby vs adult REM

Answer 35

babies = 50% of time in REM, adults = 20%
babies can move around in REM sleep
babies not dreaming but forming new connections connections between neurons