Motivation 4

Question 1

emotion

Answer 1

feeling aspect of consciousness, characterized by:
a certain physical arousal
a certain behavior that reveals the feeling to the outside world
an inner awareness of the feeling

Question 2

physiology of emotion

Answer 2

sympathetic nervous system arousal

Question 3

amygdala

Answer 3

limbic system
associated with emotions such as fear and pleasure in humans and animals
involved in facial expressions of human emotions
fear response and determining emotions of others

Question 4

ledoux

Answer 4

emotional stimuli travel to amygdala by fast low road (subcortical) and a slower more involved cortical high road
direct route = quick responses to stimuli that are possibly dangerous
indirect route = awareness, prefrontal cortex, can override direct route and take control of emotional response

Question 5

right v left frontal lobes

Answer 5

right = negative feelings, identifying faces and emotions
left = positive feelings, meditation, less anxiety, better immune system (if do meditation)

Question 6

common ways to control emotions

Answer 6

distraction, reappraisal, controlling influence of emotions on decision making, etc

Question 7

distraction

Answer 7

anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala

Question 8

reappraisal

Answer 8

lateral orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala

Question 9

darwin facial expressions

Answer 9

say emotions product of evolution and all humans, no matter culture, would show same facial expressions

Question 10

researchers facial expressions

Answer 10

at least seven basic emotions

even blind kids make these faces

Question 11

ekman and friesen

Answer 11

find people of many different cultures can consistently recognize at least seven facial expressions
anger, fear, disgust, happiness, surprise, sadness, and contempt

Question 12

display rules

Answer 12

vary from culture to culture
learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings
different in individualistic and collectivistic cultures
different for males and females

Question 13

labeling

Answer 13

third cognitive element of emotions

different for different cultures, happiness different for different cultures

Question 14

common sense theory of emotion

Answer 14

feeling a particular emotion led first to a physical reaction and then to a behavioral one

Question 15

james-lange theory of emotion

Answer 15

stimulus of some sort produces a physiological reaction
this reaction, which is arousal of fight or flight sympathetic nervous system, produces bodily sensations
physical arousal leads to labeling of emotion
but people with spinal cord injuries still have emotions

Question 16

cannon-bard theory of emotion

Answer 16

the emotion and the physical arousal occur more or less at the same time
sensory information sent simultaneously to cortex and organs of sympathetic nervous system
fear and bodily reactions experienced at same time

Question 17

vagus nerve

Answer 17

cranial nerve that provides feedback from sympathetic organs to cortex
makes case for cannon-bard less convincing

Question 18

cognitive arousal theory (two-factor theory)

Answer 18

say before emotion occurs, physical arousal and labeling of arousal based on cues from surrounding environment happen at same time, lead to labeling of emotion

Question 19

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 19

consistent with much darwin
assumes facial expressions provide feedback to brain concerning emotion being expressed, which in turn not only intensifies emotion but also causes emotion

Question 20

angry happy man

Answer 20

people sympathetic nervous system aroused, if see angry then label as angry, if see happy then label as happy

Question 21

cognitive-mediational theory

Answer 21

most important aspect of any emotional experience is how person interprets or appraises the stimulus that causes the emotional reaction
cognitive appraisal mediates by coming between stimulus and emotional response to that stimulus