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Psych > Learning (Classical Conditioning) > Flashcards

Learning (Classical Conditioning) Flashcards

1
Q

learning

A

any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice
process of memory

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2
Q

maturation

A

changes like an increase in height or the size of the brain
controlled by a genetic blueprint
due to biology not experience

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3
Q

pavlov

A

do dog experiment, classical conditioning, etc

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4
Q

physiologist

A

a person who studies the workings of the body

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5
Q

reflex

A

an unlearned, involuntary response that is not under personal control or choice

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6
Q

stimulus

A

any object, event, or experience that causes a response

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7
Q

response

A

the react of an organism

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8
Q

pavlov dogs things

A 
UCS: food
UCR: salivation
NS: metronome
CS: metronome
CR: salivation
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9
Q

classical conditioning

A

learning to elicit an involuntary, reflex-like response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the response

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10
Q

unconditioned stimulus

A

original, naturally occurring stimulus (leads to involuntary response)

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11
Q

unconditioned response

A

the automatic and involuntary response to the unconditioned stimulus
unlearned, occurs because of genetic wiring in the nervous system

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12
Q

neutral stimulus

A

a stimulus that has no effect on the response

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13
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

the previously neutral stimulus
occurs when a previously neutral stimulus through repeated pairing with the unconditioned stimulus begins to cause some kind of involuntary response (learning has occurred)

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14
Q

conditioned response

A

the learned response to the CS
not usually as strong as the original UCR but essentially same response
stronger if taste aversion

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15
Q

acquisition

A

the repeated pairing of a NS and the UCS

organism in process of acquiring learning

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16
Q

what follows UCS vs CS

A

UCR vs CR

17
Q

basic principles of classical conditioning

A
  1. CS must come before UCS
  2. CS and UCS must come very close together in time (ideally no more than 5 seconds apart, shorter inter stimulus intervals (ISIs) ideal for conditioning)
  3. neutral stimulus but be paired with the UCS several times before conditioning can take place
  4. CS usually some stimulus that is distinctive/stands out from other competing stimuli
18
Q

stimulus generalization

A

the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus

19
Q

stimulus discrimination

A

occurs when the organism learns to respond to different stimuli in different ways

20
Q

extinction

A

when the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS, the CR dies out

21
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

NOT SPONTANEOUS
the conditioned response can briefly reappear when the original CS returns, although the response is usually weak and short lived

22
Q

higher-order conditioning

A

occurs when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus
strong CS can play part of UCS and previously NS becomes second conditioned stimulus

23
Q

watson

A

little albert conditioning experiment with white rats

24
Q

little albert things

A

UCS: loud noise
UCR: crying
CS: white rat
CR: crying

25
Q

CER

A 
conditioned emotional response
learning of phobias 
type of classical conditioning
some of easiest kinds of classical conditioning to accomplish
based on waitron's work
26
Q

vicarious conditioning

A

to become classically conditioned by simply watching someone else respond to a stimulus
ex. kids getting vaccines, see others crying, cry before even get shot

27
Q

conditioned taste aversion

A 
organisms will avoid food/drink that made them nauseous even if it only happened once
sometimes CR stronger than UCR
garcia used rats to show this
can be used to treat alcoholics/addicts
part of biological preparedness
28
Q

stimulus substitution

A

the process by which the CS, through its association close in time with the UCS, comes to activate the same place in the rain that was originally activate by the UCS

29
Q

rescorla

A

found that CS has to provide some kind of info about coming of UCS in order to achieve conditioning

30
Q

cognitive perspective

A

involves the mental activity of consciously expecting something to occur
explanation for classical conditioning
CS provides info about coming of UCS (rescorla)

Psych (56 decks)

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