Social Psych 1

Question 1

social psychology

Answer 1

the scientific study of how a person’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings influence and are influenced by social groups

Question 2

social influence

Answer 2

when the presence of other people directly or indirectly influences the behavior, feelings, and thoughts of each individual

Question 3

conformity

Answer 3

changing one’s own behavior to more closely match the actions of others

Question 4

asch’s study on conformity

Answer 4

subjects see lines, say which is most similar to original line, people conformed to wrong answers
more conformity when more confederates, less when write answer separately, less when one confederate give right answer
more conformity in time of study and in US

Question 5

normative social influence

Answer 5

the need to act in ways that we feel will let us be liked and accepted by others

Question 6

informational social influence

Answer 6

take cues for how to behave from other people when we are in a situation that is not clear or is ambiguous

Question 7

groupthink

Answer 7

occurs when people within a group feel it is more important to maintain the group’s cohesiveness than to consider the facts realistically
make bad decisions

Question 8

symptoms of groupthink

Answer 8

invulnerability, rationalization, lack of introspection, stereotyping, pressure, lack of disagreement, self-deception, insularity

Question 9

group polarization

Answer 9

tendency for members involved in a group discussion to take somewhat more extreme positions and suggest riskier actions when compared to individuals who have not participated in group discussion
due to normative and informational

Question 10

social facilitation

Answer 10

the positive influence of others on performance

presence if others increases arousal

Question 11

social impairment

Answer 11

the negative influence of others on performance

presence of others increases arousal

Question 12

social loafing

Answer 12

people who are lazy tend not to do as well when other people are also working on the same task, but can do quite well when working alone
easier to hide laziness and get good results when in group

Question 13

deindividuation

Answer 13

the lessening of the sense of personal identity and personal responsibility when people are gathered in a group
act more impulsively because lose identity

Question 14

consumer psychology

Answer 14

devoted to figuring out how to get people to buy things that someone is selling

Question 15

compliance

Answer 15

occurs when people change their behavior as a result of another person or group asking or directing them to change
person asking for change typically doesn’t have any real authority

Question 16

obedience

Answer 16

compliance when there is a power imbalance/authority figure

Question 17

foot in the door technique

Answer 17

when compliance with a smaller request is followed by a larger request
people more likely to say yes to both because have already said yes and want to be consistent

Question 18

door in the face technique

Answer 18

larger request comes first, refused, then smaller and more reasonable request that often gets compliance

Question 19

lowball technique

Answer 19

common in sales
once a commitment is made, the cost of that commitment is increased
ex buying a car, initially see only down payment, then gas, taxes, warranties, etc

Question 20

cult

Answer 20

any group of people with a particular religious or philosophical set of beliefs and identity

Question 21

cult common association definition

Answer 21

a group of people whose religious or philosophical beliefs and behavior are so different from that of mainstream organizations that they are viewed with suspicion and seen as existing on the fringes of socially acceptable behavior

Question 22

obedience

Answer 22

changing one’s behavior at the direct order of an authority figure

Question 23

milgram’s research

Answer 23

memory test, shocked when wrong answer, voltage goes up
when want to stop but told by white coat person must continue, most continue
65% went all the way

Question 24

social cognition

Answer 24

focuses on the ways in which people think about other people and how those cognitions influence behavior toward those other people

Question 25

attitude

Answer 25

a tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain idea, person, object, or situation
developed through experiences
can affect way behave toward things
can affect how people view things before exposed to them
not born with them

Question 26

abc model of attitudes

Answer 26

affective component, behavior component, cognitive component

Question 27

affective component

Answer 27

the way a person feels toward the object, person, or situation
emotional component

Question 28

behavior component

Answer 28

action that a person takes in regard to the person, object, or situation

Question 29

cognitive component

Answer 29

the way a person thinks about him or herself, an object, or a situation
thoughts
include beliefs and ideas about the focus of the attitude

Question 30

ways of attitude formation

Answer 30

direct contact
direct instruction
interaction with others
vicarious conditioning (observational learning)

Question 31

persuasion

Answer 31

the process by which one person tries to change the belief, opinion, position, or course of action of another person through argument, pleading, or explanation

Question 32

important factors in seeing how influential the persuasion will be

Answer 32

source, message, target audience, medium

Question 33

source

Answer 33

communicator = giving message

give more weight to people perceived as experts, trustworthy, attractive, similar, etc

Question 34

elaboration likelihood model

Answer 34

assumed that people either elaborate (add details and information) based on what they hear (the facts of the message) or they do not elaborate at all, preferring to pay attention to the surface characteristics of the message (length, communicator, attractive, etc)

Question 35

central route processing

Answer 35

people attend to the content of the message

Question 36

peripheral route processing

Answer 36

style of information processing that relies on peripheral cues (cues outside of the message content itself), ex expertise of message source, length, etc
don’t pay attention to message itself

Question 37

cognitive dissonance

Answer 37

when people find themselves doing or saying things that don’t match their idea of themselves
experience an emotional discomfort and physiological arousal

Question 38

dissonance

Answer 38

inconsistency or lack of agreement

Question 39

three ways to reduce cognitive dissonance

Answer 39

1. change conflicting bx to match attitude
2. change current conflicting cognition to justify bx
3. form new cognitions to justify bx

Question 40

festinger study

Answer 40

people given $20 or $1 to lie about boring activity being fun, people given $20 had less cog dissonance because understood why lying
people given $1 lie better and convinced selves fun bc had cog dissonance bc couldn’t understand why lying for $1

Question 41

bem’s self perception theory

Answer 41

instead of experiencing negative tension, people look at their own actions and then infer their attitudes from those actions

Question 42

areas of brain involved in cog dissonance

Answer 42

left frontal cortex particularly active when people have made a decision that reduces dissonance and then acted on that decision

Question 43

cog disso yale

Answer 43

evidence for cog disso in 4 year old humans and monkeys