Motivation 2 Flashcards
maslow’s hierarchy of needs
humanistic
several levels of needs that a person must strive to meet before achieving the highest level of personality fulfillment
self-actualization
seldom reached
people have satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential
first level
physiological needs
to satisfy hunger, thirst, fatigue, etc
second level
safety needs
to feel secure and safe, out of danger
third level
belongingness and love needs
to be with others, be accepted, and belong
fourth level
esteem needs
to achieve, be competent, gain approval and recognition
fifth level
cognitive needs
to know, understand, and explore
sixth level
aesthetic needs
to appreciate symmetry, order, and beauty
seventh level
self-actualization needs
to find self-fulfillment and realize one’s potential
eighth level
transcendence needs
to find spiritual meaning beyond one’s immediate self
added after original hierarchy made
peak experiences
times in a person’s life in which self-actualization is achieved, at least temporarily
moving up and down levels in pyramid occurs often
problems with maslow’s theory
little scientific support
lower needs don’t have to be satisfied before moving on to higher need
order doesn’t always hold true for other cultures, especially those that avoid uncertainty
kenrick
modification to maslow’s theory that encompasses parts of evolutionary biology, anthropology, and psychology
dynamics between internal motives and environmental threats and opportunities
but debated
self-determination theory (SDT)
ryan and deci
three inborn and universal needs that help people gain a complete sense of self and whole, healthy relationships with others
autonomy, competence, and relatedness
autonomy
the need to be in control of one’s own behavior and goals
self-determination
