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Microbiology Block 1 > DNA enveloped viruses > Flashcards

DNA enveloped viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

the herpes virus family is what type of nucleic acid?

A

double stranded DNA

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2
Q

what 3 characteristics determine the herpes family biology?

A

1) dsDNA
2) Icosahedral capsid
3) enveloped

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3
Q

all herpes viruses encode this protein first in order to replicate.

A

reverse transcriptase

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4
Q

what kind of infections does herpes viruses (all) cause?

A

lytic, persistent and latent infections

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5
Q

what are the two ways the herpes virus family replicates during infection?

A

1) actively
2) latent

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6
Q

in an active infection, what causes the symptoms?

A

cell lysis and cell mediated immunity

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7
Q

what cell mediated immune response cell will lead to symptoms seen in active infection?

A

natural killer cells

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8
Q

active infection will cause what cellular changes in the infected cell?

A

syncytia and inclusion body formation

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9
Q

What herpes family viruses (3) will remain latent in neurons?

A

herpes simplex virus 1

herpes simplex virus 2

varicella

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10
Q

what herpes family viruses will remain latent in hematopoietic stem cells?

A

cytomegalovirus

human herpes virus 6

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11
Q

what 2 herpes family viruses will remain latent in B cells?

A

1) epstein-bar virus
2) kaposi sarcoma

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12
Q

against what herpes family viruses do we have an inherent immunity? (antibodies against)

A

human herpes virus 6 and human herpes virus 7

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13
Q

how is herpes simple virus 1 spread?

A

through direct contact of fluid

mixing and matching of mucous membranes

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14
Q

how does varicella spread?

A

aerosol and direct contact with fluid

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15
Q

how does CMV spread?

A

aerosol

sexual contact

parental transmission

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16
Q

what is the biology of the herpes simplex virus?

A

it is an enveloped double stranded DNA virus

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17
Q

what protein does herpes simplex virus always have?

A

DNA polymerase

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18
Q

what cells will herpes simplex virus 1 target to remain latent?

A

trigeminal ganglia

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19
Q

what cells will herpes simplex virus 2 target?

A

sacral ganglia

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20
Q

what clinical presentation must be present to diagnose herpes simplex virus 1?

A

fever

painful vesicular lesions (cold sores)

herpetic keratitis

herpetic whitlow

herpetic gladiatorum

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21
Q

how is the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus confirmed?

A

histological finding- cowdry type A intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion

syncytia

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22
Q

how do you treat herpes simplex virus?

A

acyclovir

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23
Q

what is the primary receptor and on what cell for the herpes simplex virus 1?

A

heparin is the receptor on mucosa-epithelial cells

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24
Q

what is the secondary effect of herpes simplex virus 1?

A

virus replicates in trigeminal nerve

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25
what cell does herpes simplex virus 2 attack during the active infection?
epithelial cells
26
where does herpes simplex virus 2 remain latent?
sacral ganglion
27
what triggers recurrent infection of herpes simplex 1 and 2?
reduced immunity
28
what two components of immunity will help maintain herpes simplex 1 and 2 latent?
INF-alpha Th 1 cells
29
what 3 immune cells help control herpes simplex virus during the active infection?
NK cells Th 1 cells CTL's
30
what will reduce the flare up of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2?
memory CTL's
31
what type of herpes will cause this? what is this called?
herpes simplex virus 1 herpetic vesicular lesion
32
what is herpes labialis?
its a cold sore in the mouth or lips that presents without fever
33
what virus causes herpes pharyingitis?
herpes simplex
34
what is a rare complication of herpes simplex?
herpes meningo-encephalitis
35
what risk does meningo-encephalitis have?
high risk of death
36
what will be seen in meningo-encephalitis?
temporal lobe destruction
37
how do you confirm meningo-encephalitis caused by herpes simplex?
erythrocytes in the CSF
38
what is herpetic keratitis caused by?
herpes simplex 1
39
what is very important about herpetic keratitis from herpes simplex 1?
it is the most common cause of infectious corneal blindness
40
how many eyes will be affected by herpetic keratitis from herpes simplex 1?
1 eye
41
what is seen in herpetic keratitis by herpes simplex 1?
permanent scarring of cornea blindness
42
where will herpes simplex 2 lesions occur in the body?
will be seen genitally
43
what is this?
herpes simplex 2 genital lesions
44
what is this?
herpes simplex 2 genital lesions
45
what type of herpes simplex will neonates contract?
herpes simplex type 2
46
how will neonate contract herpes simplex type 2?
by being born vaginally with HSV 2 positive mom
47
what is this?
herpetic whitlow
48
what is this?
herpes gladiatorum
49
where does herpetic whitlow occur?
in the finger
50
how does herpetic whitelow happen?
when someone has a cut and touches a person with herpes simples virus
51
where does herpes gladiatorum happen in the body?
around the body
52
who most often gets herpes gladiatorum caused by herpes simplex?
wrestlers or rugby players
53
herpes simplex can cause this is children
eczema herpeticum
54
when do kids acquire eczema herpeticum? what causes it to spread?
when kids already have active eczema the very eczema causes the spread
55
what cells does varicella target?
respiratory epithelial cells
56
57
what cells does varicella use to remain latent?
nerve cells
58
what cells does varicella use to spread throughout the body?
T cells
59
what cells does varicella use for lytic infection?
skin epithelial cells
60
what is the biology of varicella zoster?
enveloped double stranded DNA
61
what protein does varicella zoster have?
DNA polymerase
62
how do you treat vericella zoster?
acyclovir
63
what cells does varicella zoster target?
epithelial cells
64
what cells does varicella zoster use to remain latent?
in nerves of dorsal ganglia
65
what prevention can be taken against varicella zoster?
live attenuated vaccine
66
how is a diagnosis of varicella zoster confirmed?
checking histologically for Cowdry Type A intranuclear inclusions also syncytia
67
what is the clinical presentation of varicella zoster?
fever respiratory symptoms with painful vesicular lesion
68
what is the primary type of infection that happens with varicella zoster?
chicken pox
69
how do you identify chicken pox?
it is asymptomatic pruritic rash vesicular lesions from the trunk to the scalp (distinct)
70
what is the secondary type of infection that varicella zoster causes?
shingles
71
how do you identify shingles?
vesicular lesions in the form of a belt that are extremely painful
72
chicken pox will occur on children or adults?
children
73
shingles will occur on children or adults?
adults
74
how does chicken pox spread? how infectious is it?
through aerosol or direct contact highly infectious
75
why does shingles occur?
it is reactivation of the varicella virus due to immunosuppresion
76
77
where does shingles rash occur?
in the trunk
78
why is shingles rash painful?
due to nerve damage
79
what cell does varicella use to spread throughout the body?
T cells
80
does varicella have a viremia stage?
yes
81
what virus causes this?
chicken pox
82
what virus causes this?
herpes zoster "shingles"
83
what happens if you have varicella zoster and are immunocompromised?
Reye-syndrome post-herpetic neuralgia Ramsay-Hunt syndrome
84
what procedure detects syncytia multinucleated giant cells?
Tzanck smear
85
what is seen here?
syncytia
86
inclusion bodie with a halo are what type of inclusion bodies?
cowdry type A
87

Microbiology Block 1 (16 decks)

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