+RNA Hepatitis (Hep A, Hep E, Hep C)

Question 1

are symptoms distinguishible for all hepatitis?

Answer 1

no, they are all almost the same

Question 2

what are some of the symptoms that are indicative of Hepatitis?

Answer 2

fever

jaundice (icterus)

hepatomegaly

GI dysfunction (anorexia, nausea, vomiting)

Question 3

what lab studies can be indicative of hepatitis?

Answer 3

ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aminotransferase)

Question 4

what cases of hepatitis resolves by itself?

Answer 4

hepatitis A

Question 5

Chronic infection with HBV and HCV leads to what?

Answer 5

fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Question 6

what is another name for Fulminant Hepatitis?

Answer 6

acute liver failure

Question 7

what is Fulminant Hepatitis?

what is the treatment?

Answer 7

rare fatal rapid deterioration of liver associated with toxic encephalopathy

liver transplantation

Question 8

what lab techniques should be ordered in all cases of hepatitis?

Answer 8

viral serology panel and PCR

Question 9

a viral serology panel for hepatitis A showing Anti-HAV IgM antibodies is indicative of what?

and if we see Anti-HAV IgG

Answer 9

current or first infection with hep A

recurrent infection with hep A

Question 10

what is viral hepatitis?

Answer 10

Is an inflammatory disease of the liver that is caused by one or more of hepatitis viruses.

Question 11

all hepatitis viruses are known as what?

Answer 11

Hepatotropic viruses

Question 12

all hepatitis virus are what kind nucleic acid?

who is the exception?

Answer 12

hepatitis A, C, D, E are RNA viruses

hepatitis B is the only DNA virus

Question 13

all hepatitis viruses are capable of causing what symptom? it may lead to progression to what?

Answer 13

acute hepatitis that may progress to chronic hepatitis

Question 14

what is the clinical presentation of acute viral hepatitis?

Answer 14

Jaundice**

Dark urine**

Fever**

anorexia

Markedly Elevated liver enzymes (ALT>AST)

Question 15

how long does acute viral hepatitis symptoms lasts?

Answer 15

6 months

Question 16

what causes the release of AST and ALT into the blood? (leading to higher levels)

Answer 16

hepatocyte necrosis

Question 17

what hepatitis viruses cause chronic viral hepatitis?

Answer 17

hepatitis B, C, D

Question 18

what is the most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis?

Answer 18

hepatitis C

Question 19

chronic viral hepatitis has an increased risk of leading to what?

Answer 19

cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 20

hepatitis from alcohol or drugs will have no association with what symptom?

Answer 20

no fever

Question 21

hepatitis from gallstones will present with what?

Answer 21

high bilirubin and low AST and ALT

Question 22

how do you differantiate between viral hepatitis from hepatitis caused by other viruses?

Answer 22

hepatitis viruses do not cause systemic symptoms

Question 23

acute hepatitis is caused by naked or enveloped hepatitis viruses?

Answer 23

naked hepatitis A and E

Question 24

chronic viral hepatitis is caused by naked or enveloped?

Answer 24

enveloped B,C,D

Question 25

how is hepatitis B,C and D trasmitted?

Answer 25

through direct contact with blood

Question 26

how is hepatitis A and E transmitted?

Answer 26

fecal-oral or food

Question 27

hepatitis A virus belongs to what virus family?

Answer 27

picorna virus

Question 28

what is hep A's biology?

Answer 28

naked single stranded +RNA

Question 29

how many serotypes does hep A have?

Answer 29

1

Question 30

how is hep A transmitted?

Answer 30

fecal-oral

Question 31

what is the most common way to acquire hepatitis A?

Answer 31

consuming shellfish

Question 32

if you are exposed to hepatitis A and acquire immunity, how long does that immunity last?

Answer 32

lifetime

Question 33

what gives a definitive diagnosis of Hep A?

Answer 33

Hepatitis A IgM

Question 34

what gives confirmation that a person is immune to hepatitis A?

Answer 34

IgG

Question 35

how is hepaititis A treated?

Answer 35

not treated, do not give anti-virals

Question 36

what prevention exists against hepatitis A? who is given this prevention?

Answer 36

inactivated virus vaccine for older that 1 y/o

Question 37

how is hepatitis E transmitted?

Answer 37

fecal-oral

Question 38

what is the most common way to acquire hepatitis E?

Answer 38

drinking contaminated water

Question 39

where does hep. E replicate?

Answer 39

liver

Question 40

what type of hepatitis does hep E cause?

Answer 40

mild acute hepatitis

Question 41

**hepatitis E infection in pregnant women is associated with what?**

Answer 41

**fulminant hepatitis**

Question 42

how is hepatitis E diagnosis confirmed?

Answer 42

antibodies against hepatitis E ELISA

Question 43

what ages are usually affected with hepatitis E?

Answer 43

all ages especially pregnant women

Question 44

what ages are usually affected with hepatitis A?

Answer 44

young adults

Question 45

what family does hepatitis C belong to?

Answer 45

flavi virus

Question 46

what is the biology of hepatitis C?

Answer 46

enveloped single stranded +RNA

Question 47

how is hepatitis C transmitted?

Answer 47

blood exposure (intravenous drug use, transplant and transfussions)

Question 48

what is important about hepatitis C?

Answer 48

it is the most common cause of blood-born infections in US

Question 49

what exacerbates the disease progression of hepatitis C?

Answer 49

alcohol

Question 50

what can hepatitis C trigger?

Answer 50

cirrhosis

Question 51

how do you diagnose hepatitis C?

Answer 51

anti-IgG hepatitis C virus genotyping qRT-PCR

Question 52

what is used to monitor the antiviral therapy (interferon + ribavarin)?

Answer 52

hep C-RNA qRT-PCR

Question 53

what hepatitis C genotypes have the worst prognosis?

Answer 53

genotypes 1 and 4

Question 54

how is hepatitis C treated?

Answer 54

ribavarin and interferon