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Microbiology Block 1 > +RNA naked virus (polio, coxsackie, echo, rhino) > Flashcards

+RNA naked virus (polio, coxsackie, echo, rhino) Flashcards

1
Q

what is characteristic of the picornaviridae family of viruses?

A

they are all naked, icosahedral capsid and ss+RNA

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2
Q

what viruses compose the picornaviridae family of viruses?

A

1) rhinovirus
2) poliovirus
3) coxsackie A and B
4) Echovirus
5) Hepatitis A virus

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3
Q

what is very important about rhinovirus?

A

it is the most common cause of the common cold

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4
Q

is there a vaccine for rhinovirus? why?

A

no, because there are 100 serotypes and they mutate very often (antigenic drift)

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5
Q

what is the biology of rhinovirus?

A

naked ss+RNA

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6
Q

how does rhinovirus trasmit?

A

aerosol

hand to nose transmission

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7
Q

what cells does rhinovirus target in primary infection?

A

targets respiratory epithelial cells

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8
Q

what cells and substances are important in order to get rid of rhinovirus?

A

interferon, CTL, and IgA

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9
Q

what is the treatment for rhinovirus?

A

no treatment

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10
Q

how infectious is rhinovirus?

A

highly infectious

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11
Q

when a cell is infected with rhinovirus, the cells will release what? these are responsible for what?

A

histamine and bradykinin, responsable for runny nose

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12
Q

what is the clinical presentation of rhinovirus?

A

sneezing,

rhinorrhea (runny nose)

clear mucus secretion

nasal obstruction

mild sore throat

couch

headache

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13
Q

what are the 4 characteristics of enteroviruses?

A

1) are naked ss+RNA
2) acid stable
3) usually more common from summer to autumn
4) transmitted through fecal oral route or respiratory droplets
5) controlled by washing hands

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14
Q

what are the enteroviruses?

A

1) poliovirus
2) echovirus
3) coxsackie
4) enterovirus

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15
Q

what cells does enteroviruses primarily target?

A

respiratory and GI epithelial cells

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16
Q

what is the enterovirus course of infection?

A

1) virion inhaled or ingested
2) virus targets resp or GI epithelial cells
3) viremia (causes flu like symptoms)
4) virus crosses blood-brain barrier causing neuro. sympt.

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17
Q

what is asceptic meningitis?

A

swelling of the meninges not caused by bacteria

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18
Q

how do you know asceptic meningitis is not caused by bacteria?

A

spinal tap reveals clear CSF

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19
Q

how is asceptic meningitis treated?

A

no treatment, self-resolving

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20
Q

what is the biology of the poliovirus?

A

naked ss+RNA

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21
Q

how is poliovirus transmitted?

A

fecal-oral route

fecal contaminated water (common source)

22
Q

how is polio prevented?

A

polio vaccine

23
Q

most poliovirus infection are what?

A

asymptomatic

24
Q

what are the 3 clinical presentations of poliovirus?

A

1) asymptomatic
2) abortive poliomyelitis - is a nonspecific febrile disease
3) nonparalytic poliomyelitis, paralitic poliomyelitis, asceptic meningitis - the virus goes to the CNS

25
Q

what is the clinical presentation of paralytic poliovirus?

A

1st phase: flu-like symptoms

2nd phase: cytolytic infection of anterior horn of spinal cord and motor cortex of brain

26
Q

how does paralytic poliovirus look?

A
  • asymmetric flaccid paralysis without sensory loss
  • can be one limb or all four
27
Q

what does bulbar polio cause?

A

can involve muscles of pharynx, vocal cords, and respiration

28
Q

most poliovirus patients that die, are due to which polio?

A

bulbar polio

29
Q

what is post-polio syndrome?

A

deterioration of originally infected muscles

30
Q

how is the atrophy that occurs in polio?

A

it is asymmetrical

31
Q

how is poliovirus prevented?

A

using salk vaccine and sabin vaccine

32
Q

what type of vaccine is the salk vaccine? how is it taken?

A

killed, inactivated polio virus

taken as a shot

33
Q

what type of vaccine is the sabin vaccine? how is it taken?

A

live attenuated

taken orally

34
Q

what does the salk and sabin vaccine do?

A

causes a stornger or more efficient IgA response

35
Q

what does Coxsakie type A cause? how does the symptom look?

A

acute hemorrhagic conjunctivits

pain, edema, photophobia, foreign body sensation

36
Q

what is another name for coxsackie type A?

A

hand-foot-mouth disease

37
Q

what virus causes this?

A

coxsackie type A

38
Q

what is the clinical presentation of coxsackie type A?

A

First: lesion in mouth and tongue

1-2 days later: lesions appear in hands and feet

39
Q

what is very important about coxsakie type B?

A

most common cause of viral myocarditis and pericarditis in newborns

40
Q

what 3 things can coxsackie type B cause?

A

1) pleurodynia: pleuritic chest pain
2) myocarditis and pleurocarditis: unexplained and sudden heart failure
3) pancreatitis

41
Q

what is the clinical presentation of coxsackie type B?

A

fever

chest pain

arrhythmia (myocardial cell necrosis)

heart failure

42
Q

in coxsackie type B, when there is myocarditis, biopsy will reveal what?

A

lymphocytic infiltrate

43
Q

what causes this? what is this?

A

coxsackie type B, leukocyte infiltration of myocardium

44
Q

what is very important about echovirus?

A

it is the most common cause of asceptic meningitis

45
Q

how can echovirus spread?

A

transplacentally

46
Q

how can coxsackie type B be transmitted?

A

transplacentally

47
Q

how is echovirus treated?

A

no treatment, self-resolving

48
Q

what is the clinical presentation for echovirus?

A

fever

headache

vomiting

stiff neck

49
Q

how do you confirm a diagnosis of any enterovirus?

A

CSF clear with leukocytes and slightly raised protein

50
Q
A

Microbiology Block 1 (16 decks)

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