DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis - Part 1 Flashcards
Genes three critical characteristics:
- must carry information from one generation to the next
- must be able to put the information that they carry to work to produce the traits of the organism
- must be a mechanism to easily copy the gene
Chemical analysis shows that a chromosome is composed of:
Nucleic acid and protein
Who discovered the structure of DNA:
James Watson & Francis Crick
DNA stands for:
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA molecules consist of “building blocks” called:
Nucleotides
Nucleotides consist of:
A phosphate group
A 5-carbon sugar
A nitrogen base
The 5-carbon sugar found in nucleotides is called:
Deoxyribose
The four nitrogen bases found in DNA are:
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
What nitrogen base is only found in RNA:
Uracil
Purines:
Double ring structures
Pyrimidines:
Single ring structures
What nitrogen bases are purines:
Adenine and guanine
What nitrogen bases are pyrimidines:
Cytosine and thymine
The backbone of a DNA chain is formed by altering…
Sugar and phosphate groups
What sticks out sideways from the DNA chain:
Nitrogen bases
Chargaff’s rule (guanine and cytosine):
The amount of guanine and cytosine bases are equal in any sample of DNA
Chargaff’s rule (adenine and thymine):
The amount of adenine and thymine are equal in any sample of DNA
Process that Rosalind Franklin used:
X-ray diffraction
The x-ray diffractions showed that the strands of DNA were:
Twisted around eachother in a shape known as a helix
The x-ray diffractions suggested that there were how many strands in the DNA structure:
Two
The x-ray diffractions showed that the nitrogen bases were:
At the center of the molecule
The DNA molecule structure is described as:
A double helix, or a spiral of two strands wound around eachother
A double helix looks like:
A twisted latter
The sides of the double helix “latter” are formed by:
Sugar and phosphate
