Flashcards in Chapter 1 - Science Of Life Deck (27)
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1
How long ago did life arise on earth?
Approximately 3.5 billion years
2
Describe the first organisms:
Single celled, the only life on earth for millions of years
3
Organisms change or ______ over long periods of time
Evolve
4
Today, millions of ______ of organisms exist on earth
Species
5
The ______ is the basis unit of life and makes up all ______
Cell, organisms
6
______ organisms are made of a single cell and are genetically ______ to their parent cell
Unicellular, identical
7
Many-celled organisms are called ______ and they may be made of ______ types of cells
Multicellular, different
All cells are not alike, have different characteristics
8
What is the size of a cell?
Very small, in general all are small, large organisms just have more organisms
9
Are cells organized?
highly organized even though they're chaotic
10
Specialized structures in cells are called ______
Organelles
11
What surrounds cells?
Plasma membrane
12
All cells must contain a set of ______ or DNA
Instructions
Tells the cell how to do its role + reproduce, genetic coding
13
Organisms maintain stable internal conditions called ______
Homeostasis
Very stable internal conditions
14
Example of homeostasis:
Temperature, water content, blood sugar, etc.
15
For a species to continue, some of its members must be able to ______ and pass on their traits to their ______
Reproduce, offspring (inheritance)
16
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid, genetic information in all cells
17
DNA's instructions are called ______ and code for the complex ______ necessary for life
Genes, proteins
18
______ cells or body cells each have a full set of DNA or hereditary information from ______ parents
Somatic, both
Not every cell uses the coding they have
19
______ reproductions combine hereditary information from ______ parents
Sexual, both
Two different organisms combined
20
When a sperm and egg join, a fertilized egg or ______ forms and contains DNA from ______ parents
Zygote, both
21
In ______ reproduction, only a single parent cell reproduces and the new cells are genetically ______ to each other and the original cell.
Asexual, identical
22
______, not individual organisms, change or evolve over many generations
Species
23
______ ______ is the driving force for evolution
Natural Selection
Pushes better organisms to reproduce
24
According to natural selection, which individuals in a population are more likely to survive and be able to reproduce?
Organisms with favorable traits, "survival of the fittest"
25
A change in population due to the survival & reproduction of organisms with favorable traits is known as what?
Survival of the fittest
26
Define ecology:
Interaction of organisms with one another and with their environment
27
