Flashcards in Structures of Animal Cells Deck (34):
1
Organelles
The specialized structures found within the cell
2
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
3
Cytoplasm
Portion of cell outside of nucleus
4
What organelles contains almost all of the cell's DNA
The nucleus
5
What is the nucleus surrounded by
A nuclear membrane dotted with pores
6
What is the nucleoplasm
The semi-liquid portion inside the nucleus
7
Function of the nucleolus
To manufacture the subunits that make up ribosomes
8
Point of the subunits (large subunit & small subunit) of the nucleolus
The subunits pass through the pores of the nucleus to the cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes
9
Functions of the nucleus
The carrier of genetic information
Controls reproduction of the cell
Directs protein synthesis
10
How does the nucleus direct protein synthesis
By sending messages to the ribosomes
11
Where can the ribosomes be found
Free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER
12
Where is the site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
13
All protein cells are made of what
Ribosomes
14
What is the endoplasmic reticulum
The internal membrane system
15
What does the ER connect
The nuclear membrane to the cell membrane
16
Smooth ER information
Has no ribosomes
Function is to make lipids used in cell membrane
17
Rough ER information
Has ribosomes attached
Makes proteins
18
Function of ribosomes on ER
Newly made proteins leave the ribosome and are inserted into spaces of ER
19
Proteins made in the rough ER go where
Golgi apparatus
20
Function of Golgi apparatus
To modify, sort, & and package proteins
21
What are the physical aspects of Lysosomes
Sacks in the cell filled with very strong digestive enzymes
22
What can Lysosomes digest
Carbs, proteins, and lipids into small molecules
23
Lysosomes destroy what
Old organelles
24
Why are the lysosomes surrounded by thick membrane
Because the cell would be destroyed if enzymes were released
25
What is the point of the vacuoles
The storage area inside the cell - to store water, salts, proteins, and carbs
26
What is the powerhouse of the cell
The mitochondria
27
What is the purpose of the mitochondria
Cellular respiration
28
What is cellular respiration
Process of converting glucose molecules into a usable form of energy for the cell
29
The mitochondria has an inner membrane & outer membrane - what are the folds called
Cristae and help increase the surface area for respiration
30
What is the cytoskeleton
An internal framework and support system with a network of protein tubes and fibers
31
About the microfilaments in the cytoskeleton
Solid, thread like, protein structures that help cells to move
32
About the microtubules int he cytoskeleton
Tubes that help cell shape, separation of chromosomes during cell division, and with the formation of the cilia and flagella
33
Another name for the cell membrane
The plasma membrane
34