Structures of Animal Cells Flashcards
Organelles
The specialized structures found within the cell
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
Cytoplasm
Portion of cell outside of nucleus
What organelles contains almost all of the cell’s DNA
The nucleus
What is the nucleus surrounded by
A nuclear membrane dotted with pores
What is the nucleoplasm
The semi-liquid portion inside the nucleus
Function of the nucleolus
To manufacture the subunits that make up ribosomes
Point of the subunits (large subunit & small subunit) of the nucleolus
The subunits pass through the pores of the nucleus to the cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes
Functions of the nucleus
The carrier of genetic information
Controls reproduction of the cell
Directs protein synthesis
How does the nucleus direct protein synthesis
By sending messages to the ribosomes
Where can the ribosomes be found
Free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER
Where is the site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
All protein cells are made of what
Ribosomes
What is the endoplasmic reticulum
The internal membrane system
What does the ER connect
The nuclear membrane to the cell membrane
Smooth ER information
Has no ribosomes
Function is to make lipids used in cell membrane
Rough ER information
Has ribosomes attached
Makes proteins
Function of ribosomes on ER
Newly made proteins leave the ribosome and are inserted into spaces of ER
Proteins made in the rough ER go where
Golgi apparatus
Function of Golgi apparatus
To modify, sort, & and package proteins
What are the physical aspects of Lysosomes
Sacks in the cell filled with very strong digestive enzymes
What can Lysosomes digest
Carbs, proteins, and lipids into small molecules
Lysosomes destroy what
Old organelles
Why are the lysosomes surrounded by thick membrane
Because the cell would be destroyed if enzymes were released
