Biochemistry

Question 1

Organic compounds

Answer 1

Compounds that have carbon bonded together to other atoms and determine structure/function of living things

Question 2

Inorganic compounds

Answer 2

Compounds that do not contain carbon and hydrogen together

Question 3

Six organic compounds that are found in all living things

Answer 3

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur

Question 4

Monomer

Answer 4

Building blocks (units)

Question 5

Polymer

Answer 5

A larger molecule made of monomers

Question 6

Four categories of organic compounds

Answer 6

Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acids

Question 7

Another name for organic compounds

Answer 7

Macromolecules

Question 8

Monosaccharides

Answer 8

Monomers of simple ring sugars - glucose and fructose

Question 9

Disaccharides

Answer 9

Two monosaccharides combined - sucrose and lactose

Question 10

Polysaccharides

Answer 10

Polymers of monosaccharides, starch (plant energy storage) and glycogen (animal energy storage)

Question 11

Carbohydrates - cellulose

Answer 11

Glucose bonded to form fibers
Composes cell walls in plants
Not easily digested

Question 12

Carbohydrates - chitin

Answer 12

Polymer of glucose

Makes up exoskeletons of insects and arthropods

Question 13

What are cellulose and chitin

Answer 13

Carbohydrates or polysaccharides as structural molecules

Question 14

Carbon - hydrogen - oxygen ratio

Answer 14

1:2:1

Question 15

Are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Answer 15

Hydrophobic

Question 16

How are phospholipids a lipid

Answer 16

Make sure that the cell cannot disintegrate in water

Question 17

Uses of lipids

Answer 17

Used for insulation
Used as a wax
Used as a phospholipid
Used as a steroid

Question 18

How is fat a lipid

Answer 18

Use it to store excess energy

Question 19

How is wax a lipid

Answer 19

Plants have the cuticle to keep water in because hydrophobic

Question 20

What are lipids made of

Answer 20

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 21

Saturated fats in lipids

Answer 21

Contain no double bonds

Are solid at room temperature

Question 22

Unsaturated fats in lipids

Answer 22

Contain double bonds

Are liquid at room temperature

Question 23

Is butter saturated or unsaturated

Answer 23

Saturated

Question 24

Is olive oil saturated or unsaturated

Answer 24

Unsaturated

Question 25

Polymers are made of what

Answer 25

Amino acids

Question 26

The amino acids in polymers are joined by what

Answer 26

Peptide bonds

Question 27

What are the monomers of proteins

Answer 27

Amino acids

Question 28

What are nucleic acids and what are they made of

Answer 28

Are polymers that are made of nucleotides | Contain genetic information

Question 29

What is found within DNA, RNA, and ATP

Answer 29

Nucleic acids

Question 30

Each nucleotide consists of what

Answer 30

A sugar A phosphate A nitrogen base

Question 31

Two important parts of chemical reactions

Answer 31

Reactants - the chemical that participates in a chemical reaction Products - the substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction

Question 32

What are enzymes

Answer 32

Proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 33

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions

Answer 33

By decreasing the amount of activation energy required for a reaction

Question 34

What is activation energy

Answer 34

Energy that chemicals need to begin a reaction

Question 35

What is the substrate of an enzyme

Answer 35

A molecule that attaches to the enzyme's active site

Question 36

What is the Enzyme-Substrate connection like

Answer 36

A lock and key | They are specific to each other - and only each other

Question 37

Once the substrate and enzyme bond it becomes

Answer 37

The enzyme-substrate complex

Question 38

What happens once the enzyme-substrate complex is made

Answer 38

The enzyme changes its shape slightly to create a more secure bond and then the chemical reaction occurs

Question 39

After the chemical reaction following the production of the enzyme-substrate complex what happens

Answer 39

The product (former substrate) is released from the enzyme

Question 40

What happens to the enzyme after the breaking of the enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 40

It can carry out the same chemical reaction again and again and again

Question 41

Factors that affect enzymes

Answer 41

Ph and temperature

Question 42

Example of enzyme not being able to function

Answer 42

Some people die of fevers not because of high temperatures but because their enzymes cannot function when the temperature gets too high