Flashcards in Biochemistry Deck (42)
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1
Organic compounds
Compounds that have carbon bonded together to other atoms and determine structure/function of living things
2
Inorganic compounds
Compounds that do not contain carbon and hydrogen together
3
Six organic compounds that are found in all living things
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
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Monomer
Building blocks (units)
5
Polymer
A larger molecule made of monomers
6
Four categories of organic compounds
Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acids
7
Another name for organic compounds
Macromolecules
8
Monosaccharides
Monomers of simple ring sugars - glucose and fructose
9
Disaccharides
Two monosaccharides combined - sucrose and lactose
10
Polysaccharides
Polymers of monosaccharides, starch (plant energy storage) and glycogen (animal energy storage)
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Carbohydrates - cellulose
Glucose bonded to form fibers
Composes cell walls in plants
Not easily digested
12
Carbohydrates - chitin
Polymer of glucose
Makes up exoskeletons of insects and arthropods
13
What are cellulose and chitin
Carbohydrates or polysaccharides as structural molecules
14
Carbon - hydrogen - oxygen ratio
1:2:1
15
Are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic
Hydrophobic
16
How are phospholipids a lipid
Make sure that the cell cannot disintegrate in water
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Uses of lipids
Used for insulation
Used as a wax
Used as a phospholipid
Used as a steroid
18
How is fat a lipid
Use it to store excess energy
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How is wax a lipid
Plants have the cuticle to keep water in because hydrophobic
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What are lipids made of
Glycerol and fatty acids
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Saturated fats in lipids
Contain no double bonds
Are solid at room temperature
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Unsaturated fats in lipids
Contain double bonds
Are liquid at room temperature
23
Is butter saturated or unsaturated
Saturated
24
Is olive oil saturated or unsaturated
Unsaturated
25
Polymers are made of what
Amino acids
26
The amino acids in polymers are joined by what
Peptide bonds
27
What are the monomers of proteins
Amino acids
28
What are nucleic acids and what are they made of
Are polymers that are made of nucleotides
Contain genetic information
29
What is found within DNA, RNA, and ATP
Nucleic acids
30
