Flashcards in Biochemistry Deck (42):
1
Organic compounds
Compounds that have carbon bonded together to other atoms and determine structure/function of living things
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Inorganic compounds
Compounds that do not contain carbon and hydrogen together
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Six organic compounds that are found in all living things
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
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Monomer
Building blocks (units)
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Polymer
A larger molecule made of monomers
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Four categories of organic compounds
Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acids
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Another name for organic compounds
Macromolecules
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Monosaccharides
Monomers of simple ring sugars - glucose and fructose
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Disaccharides
Two monosaccharides combined - sucrose and lactose
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Polysaccharides
Polymers of monosaccharides, starch (plant energy storage) and glycogen (animal energy storage)
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Carbohydrates - cellulose
Glucose bonded to form fibers
Composes cell walls in plants
Not easily digested
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Carbohydrates - chitin
Polymer of glucose
Makes up exoskeletons of insects and arthropods
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What are cellulose and chitin
Carbohydrates or polysaccharides as structural molecules
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Carbon - hydrogen - oxygen ratio
1:2:1
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Are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic
Hydrophobic
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How are phospholipids a lipid
Make sure that the cell cannot disintegrate in water
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Uses of lipids
Used for insulation
Used as a wax
Used as a phospholipid
Used as a steroid
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How is fat a lipid
Use it to store excess energy
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How is wax a lipid
Plants have the cuticle to keep water in because hydrophobic
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What are lipids made of
Glycerol and fatty acids
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Saturated fats in lipids
Contain no double bonds
Are solid at room temperature
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Unsaturated fats in lipids
Contain double bonds
Are liquid at room temperature
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Is butter saturated or unsaturated
Saturated
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Is olive oil saturated or unsaturated
Unsaturated
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Polymers are made of what
Amino acids
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The amino acids in polymers are joined by what
Peptide bonds
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What are the monomers of proteins
Amino acids
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What are nucleic acids and what are they made of
Are polymers that are made of nucleotides
Contain genetic information
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What is found within DNA, RNA, and ATP
Nucleic acids
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Each nucleotide consists of what
A sugar
A phosphate
A nitrogen base
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Two important parts of chemical reactions
Reactants - the chemical that participates in a chemical reaction
Products - the substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction
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What are enzymes
Proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction
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How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions
By decreasing the amount of activation energy required for a reaction
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What is activation energy
Energy that chemicals need to begin a reaction
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What is the substrate of an enzyme
A molecule that attaches to the enzyme's active site
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What is the Enzyme-Substrate connection like
A lock and key
They are specific to each other - and only each other
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Once the substrate and enzyme bond it becomes
The enzyme-substrate complex
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What happens once the enzyme-substrate complex is made
The enzyme changes its shape slightly to create a more secure bond and then the chemical reaction occurs
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After the chemical reaction following the production of the enzyme-substrate complex what happens
The product (former substrate) is released from the enzyme
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What happens to the enzyme after the breaking of the enzyme-substrate complex
It can carry out the same chemical reaction again and again and again
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Factors that affect enzymes
Ph and temperature
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