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Immunology > E2: L12 > Flashcards

E2: L12 Flashcards

1
Q

Helper T cells are involved with what number CD __

A

CD 4

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2
Q

Cytotoxic T cells are involved with what number CD

A

CD 8

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3
Q

regulatory T cells are involved with what numbers CD?

A

CD4, CD25, and Foxp3

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4
Q

a nieve lymphocyte is a lymphocyte that is ready to be activated but us yet to be ___

A

activated

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5
Q

humoral response contains __ cells

A

B

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6
Q

Cellular immune system contains __ cells

A

T

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7
Q

the proteins in the membrane of CD cells function as __ in the lab

A

markers

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8
Q

the CD proteins have a job in __ of other cells

A

activation

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9
Q

CD3+ means they have CD3 __ in their membranes

A

proteins

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10
Q

B cells are a lymphocyte that is CD3 __

A

negative

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11
Q

do B cells have makers that are associated with cytotoxic cells

A

no

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12
Q

lymphocytes are produced in the

A

bone marrow

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13
Q

some lymphocytes become B cells and mature in the bone marrow. ___ go to the thymus to be trained.

A

T

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14
Q

T cells enter the thymus in the cortex they become ___.

A

thymocytes

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15
Q

what developmental stage is the thymus most active

A

childhood

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16
Q

thymus can be a point when a viral exposure can happen. this means you can have __ cells present along with T cells

A

dendritic

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17
Q

a mature T cell is also called a __ cell

A

nieve

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18
Q

immature thymocytes are not expressing any of which 3 proteins

A

CD3-, CD4-, and CD8-

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19
Q

T cell receptors start to be expressed in the __ stage in maturation

A

1st

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20
Q

both CD3 and CD8 are expressed __ in thyme development

A

early

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21
Q

the receptors will undergo genetic reorganization to increase ___

A
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22
Q

negative selection

A

against cells recognizing self antigens and select for cells that use histone compatability proteins. these that become nieve T cells can recognize between self and foreign.

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23
Q

majority of cells that leave thymus and circulate through body are __

A

destroyed

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24
Q

a nieve cell differentiate between __ and __ cells

A

cytotoxic and helper

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25
Q

cytotoxic cells are only CD__

A

CD8

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26
Q

helper T cells are only CD__

A

CD4

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27
Q

pre T cells are __ __

A

double negative

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28
Q

after the pre T cell develops in 1st step of maturation, it becomes __ __

A

double positive

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29
Q

naive T cells circulate through body and picked up through __ __

A

lymph bodys

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30
Q

Naive cells are no longer considered naive when they encounter an ___

A

antigen

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31
Q

CD3 is a complex composed of __ subunits

A

4

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32
Q

TCR stands for

A

T-cell antigen receptor

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33
Q

CD3 cell says it is a __ cell

A

T

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34
Q

Th1 helper T cells steer it toward a __ ___ response

A

cell mediated

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35
Q

Th2 helper T cells steer it toward an __ __ response. this is a __ response

A

antibody mediated. humoral

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36
Q

Cytotoxic T cells Kill __ cells. this is called __

A

target, apoptosis

37
Q

Regulatory T cells acts as a __

A

regulator

38
Q

3 signals to activate a T-cell: AMC

A
  1. antigen presentation 2. molecular interactions, second signal 3.cytokines
39
Q
  1. antigen presentation. T-cells can only respond in __ __ __ contact
A

cell-to-cell

40
Q

cytokines provide the __ signal in T-cell activation

A

3rd

41
Q

once activated T-cells go into what 2 effector forms of CD

A

CD8+ and CD4+

42
Q

CD8+ become a __ cell

A

cytotoxic

43
Q

with exposure to antigen presenting cell, __ loops start

A

feedback

44
Q

once activated, T-cells encounter cytokines that trigger clonal ___

A

expansion

45
Q

a naiev t-cell encounters a T-cell receptor and an __ molecule.

A

MHC

46
Q

MHC molecule is the ___

A

antigen

47
Q

CD4 markers job hold the cells together to stimulate the naive CD__ Cell

A

CD4

48
Q

What MHC is involved in CD4 cells

A

MHC 2

49
Q

activation signal 1 is __ specific

A

antigen

50
Q

two types of antigen-specific TCR engagement

A

MHC 1 or MHC 2

51
Q

costimulatory interaction requires an additional __

A

protein

52
Q

when the interaction involves a costimulatory interaction, it is a __ interaction

A

stronger

53
Q

signal 3: cytokines direct T cell differentiation into distinct effector cell types. the 2 types are

A

T cell and helper T cells

54
Q

name the signal number: engagement of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD28

A

2

55
Q

name the signal: : TCR/MHC-peptide interactions along with CD4 and CD8 coreceptors

A

1

56
Q

name the signal: local cytokine signaling

A

3

57
Q

signals 1 and 2 do up __ and __ of IL2 and IL2r genes

A

regulation, transcription

58
Q

costimulators can be ___

A

inhibitors

59
Q

CD___:activation of naive t cells

A

CD28

60
Q

negative regulation of the immune response is influenced by ___

A

PD-1

61
Q

__ can inhibit the activation of the lymphocyte in a specific way

A

PD-1

62
Q

what 2 cytokines are nearby when the T cell is activated.

A

IL-12, (viral) and IL-4 (parasites)

63
Q

___ are produced by antigen presenting cells from their innate activation

A

interleukins

64
Q

IL-12 controls the ___ ___ immune response

A

cell mediated immune response

65
Q

IL-4 controls what type of immune response

A

Humoral response

66
Q

antigen presenting cells interact with naive CD___ T cells

A

CD4+

67
Q

polarizing cytokines can __ helper T-cells

A

differentiate

68
Q

know the role of TH1/2, Treg, and TFH cells***

A
69
Q

IL4 and IL12 signal to ___ T cells

A

helper

70
Q

if IL-12 is present, the cell will become Helper type __

A

1 (TH1)

71
Q

if IL-4 is present, the cell will become helper cell type __

A

2, Th2

72
Q

Th1 is involved in ___ ___ response and TH2 in the ___ response

A

cell mediated, humoral

73
Q

Cytotoxic T cell maturation step 1 is the interaction with ___

A

MHC

74
Q

Cytotoxic T cell maturation step 2 is interaction with __

A

co-stimulators

75
Q

Cytotoxic T cell maturation step 3 is ___ involved with IL-2

A

cytokines

76
Q

T cell leaves thymus and can be activated as __ or ___

A
77
Q

___ cells dampen the immune response

A

Peripheral Treg cells

78
Q

Peripheral Treg cells originate in what organ

A

thymus, peripherally

79
Q

Tumor factor beta is present activate Treg cells to secrete __ and ___ to down regulate the immune response. and suppress other T-cell __

A

IL-10 and TGF-B. subsets.

80
Q

helper T cells express CD___

A

CD4

81
Q

IL-10 __ immune response

A

dampen

82
Q

Tfh cells are __ ___ __ cells

A

Follicular helper T

83
Q

Tfh promote B cell ___

A

differentiation

84
Q

CXC stands for ___

A

chemokine

85
Q

helper cells go into the lympnodes because of ___

A

chemokine

86
Q

Th1 cell is __ ___ immunity

A

cell mediated

87
Q

when T cells come in contact with antigen presenting cells, they initiate ___

A

apoptosis

88
Q

antigen presenting cells have __-___ properties

A

co-stimulatory

89
Q

cells that are professional phagocytes in the adaptive response: DMBl

A

dendritic, macrophage, B lymphocyte (B cells)

Immunology (22 decks)

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