E3: Tolerance

Question 1

the 2 tolerance types are __ and ___

Answer 1

central and peripheral

Question 2

1 cel subtype that is important in thymic development is the

Answer 2

regulatory T cell

Question 3

where in the thymus do T cells become thymocytes

Answer 3

thymus cortex

Question 4

in the thymus cortex, thymocytes ___ and ___ toward the medulla

Answer 4

proliferate, migrate

Question 5

T calls are called into the thymus by ___

Answer 5

cytokines

Question 6

when T cells arrive at the periphery of the cortex, they are called ___

Answer 6

thymocytes

Question 7

location of T cell migration through the thymus

Answer 7

periphery, cortex, medulla

Question 8

as thymocytes travel through the thymus, what 2 cells will they encounter

Answer 8

dendritic, thymic epithelial cells

Question 9

thymic epithelial cells present ___ antigens

Answer 9

self

Question 10

__ __ thymocytes do not express CD4 or CD8

Answer 10

double negative

Question 11

double neg thymocytes do not express ___

Answer 11

receptors

Question 12

double negative thymocytes proliferate under what Interlukin

Answer 12

7

Question 13

TCRs are functional when they become ___ ___ and express __ and ___

Answer 13

double positive, CD4 and CD8

Question 14

TCR receptors can identify lots of ___ receptors

Answer 14

epitope

Question 15

when T cell receptors are functional, they express the co____ ____

Answer 15

stimulatory receptors

Question 16

once thymocytes become double positive, they can ___ to express one of the two CDs

Answer 16

differentiate

Question 17

cortical cells present ___ and ___

Answer 17

MHC 1 MHC 2

Question 18

cortical thymic epithelial cells are unique because they present what

Answer 18

MHC 1 and 2

Question 19

cortical cells interacting with thymocyte, if it recognizes one MHC stronger than the other this will cause the cell to commit to a cell type.

if it doesn’t recognize MHC 1 or 2, the cell will undergo ___

Answer 19

apoptosis.

Question 20

MHC 1 and MHC 2 help trigger a ___ to be made

Answer 20

complex

Question 21

the x2 positive thymocytes the cell lines stop expressing the other CD molecule once they interact with this cell ___ with either MHC 1 or MHC 2.

Answer 21

lymphocyte

Question 22

when the cells select for MHC recognition is called ___ selection

Answer 22

positive selection

Question 23

after they become single expression, they are then exposed to more MHC molecule. Negative selection can occur here if it binds __ ___

Answer 23

too tightly

Question 24

negative selection is there to prevent _____ response

Answer 24

autoimmune

Question 25

once passing positive selection, the cell is released into the ___

Answer 25

periphery

Question 26

once a cell leaves the thymus, are they mature or naive?

Answer 26

naive

Question 27

DP thymocytes are

Answer 27

double positive

Question 28

if a thymocyte has strong binding with MHC 1, it is ___ committed

Answer 28

CD8+

Question 29

if a thymocyte has strong binding with MHC 2, it is ___ committed

Answer 29

CD4+

Question 30

negative selection is also known as

Answer 30

central tolerance

Question 31

only cells that pass pos and neg selection are released as ___ T cells

Answer 31

naive

Question 32

___ selection is about the recognition of MHC

Answer 32

positive

Question 33

___ selection is about recognition of self.

Answer 33

negative

Question 34

the number of thymocytes decreases as TCR affinity ___

Answer 34

increases

Question 35

Tolerance is the process of removing cells that are too selective to __ ___

Answer 35

self antigens

Question 36

TregHelper cells are developed in response to what

Answer 36

an intermediate T cell that has affinity for MHC 1

Question 37

what is the definition of central tolerance

Answer 37

deletion of lymphocytes before they mature

Question 38

what is the definition of tolerance

Answer 38

the prevention of an immune response against self structures

Question 39

Treg cells __ the immune response

Answer 39

surpress

Question 40

peripheral reg cells are responsive to things in the __

Answer 40

tissues

Question 41

where does peripheral tolerance occur

Answer 41

outside bone marrow and thymus

Question 42

peripheral tolerance occurs via induction of what cell

Answer 42

pTreg

Question 43

peripheral tolerance actively generates.... (a specific cell that is ___ing the immune system)

Answer 43

inhibiting lymphocytes

Question 44

cells are made to be bad at __ recognition and good at __ recognition

Answer 44

self, foreign

Question 45

Thelp and T-Cytotoxic cells

Question 46

cells in the periphery are ones that bind loosely to __ __

Answer 46

self antigens

Question 47

clonal activation is the activation and differentiation of ___ lymphocytes that recognize __ ___

Answer 47

effector, self antigens

Question 48

peripheral tolerance is the __, ___, or __ of regulatory function in lymphocytes recognizing self antigens

Answer 48

deletion, anergy, induction

Question 49

can B cells be trained as well in central tolerance?

Answer 49

yes

Question 50

____ cells negatively regulate immune response

Answer 50

Treg

Question 51

Treg cells ___ regulate the immune response

Answer 51

negatively

Question 52

Treg job in the thymus, ___.

Answer 52

dampen

Question 53

Tells interacting with tolerogens can: 1 2 or 3

Answer 53

apoptosis, anergic, or be regulated

Question 54

T cells that interact with tolerogens that are regulated are done so by __ ____

Answer 54

Treg cell secretions

Question 55

___ can enhance the dampening of the immune response

Answer 55

tolerogens

Question 56

Tolerogens can enhance the dampening of immune repose by the following what 5 mechanisms.

Answer 56

deplete pro inflammatory cytokines, secrete inhibitory cytokines, direct killing, shut down allergic response, inhibit APCs