E2: L16 pt2 Flashcards
__ ___ increases receptor affinity
affinity maturation
___ ___ produces different antibody isotypes
isotope switching
2 ways B-cells are activated
1. ___
2. ___
Tcell-dependent
Tcell-independent
2 processes that Bcells undergo on the way to becoming effector B cells (plasma cells) or memory cells
affinity maturation, isotope switching
SHM stands for
somatic hypermutation
B-cells ___ in germinal centers to form a ____
proliferate, colony
SHM enhances the ___ response
immune
pruning less effective B-cells through ____
apoptosis
b-cells that circulate through body are aimed to become highly specific for one ___
antigen
dark zones undergo ___
specilazation
light zones have interaction with ___ cells
dendritic
naive cell, primary focus occurs. this is where the B cells will produce receptors and antibodies with a ___ affinity
low
___ ___ is when B cells produce low affinity ___
primary focus, antibodies
some Bcells are called via chemokine to ___ centers
germinal
in germinal centers, B-cells are ___
activated
the germinal center is known as the __ zone
dark
cells going into germinal center are ___ and ___
proliferating, SHM
after passing through germinal center, the Bcells will have ___ affinity for one specific antigen.
high
Bcell maturation process: ___, undergo SHM and __ selection
primary, affinity
highly affinities B cells hold ___ of the antigen they come in contact with which improves the immune response.
copies
light zone is b-cells undergoing ___
selection
light zone contains lots of ___ cells
dendritic
___ increase over time by the cell interacting with other antigens
mutations
SHM is followed by ___ selection
affinity
____ time elapses between mutation and testing.
little
mutations increase over time and with repeated Ag exposures. if the cell becomes worse at grabbing the antibody, the cell is __ from the colony
pruned
mutations increase over time and with repeated Ag exposures. If the cell is better at grabbing the antigen, the cell is ___ for.
selected
each time the cell divides, there’s an opportunity for a new ___ and ___
mutation, selection
Plasma cells form within the ___ focus
primary
__ cells form within the primary focus
plasma
Plasma cells are Bcells that can no longer ___ and rapidly secrete large numbers of ___ molecules.
divide, antibody
plasma cells are found within how long of an immune response?
5-6 days
when Bcells are selected, it makes them better interacting with ___ __ cells to enhance the immune response.
helper T
Plasma cells are ___ secreting cells
Ig
where are plasma cells located
medullary cord regions of lymph nodes
plasma cells are Bcells that have undergone development where they have lost their characteristic ___
receptors
plasma cells are Bcells that are no longer able to undergo ___
division
Naive B cells –> ___ –> Plasma Cells
Plasmablasts
name for the terminally differentiated B cell?
plama cell
