E2: L16 pt2 Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
__ ___ increases receptor affinity
A
affinity maturation
2
Q
___ ___ produces different antibody isotypes
A
isotope switching
3
Q
2 ways B-cells are activated
1. ___
2. ___
A
Tcell-dependent
Tcell-independent
4
Q
2 processes that Bcells undergo on the way to becoming effector B cells (plasma cells) or memory cells
A
affinity maturation, isotope switching
5
Q
SHM stands for
A
somatic hypermutation
6
Q
B-cells ___ in germinal centers to form a ____
A
proliferate, colony
7
Q
SHM enhances the ___ response
A
immune
8
Q
pruning less effective B-cells through ____
A
apoptosis
9
Q
b-cells that circulate through body are aimed to become highly specific for one ___
A
antigen
10
Q
dark zones undergo ___
A
specilazation
11
Q
light zones have interaction with ___ cells
A
dendritic
12
Q
naive cell, primary focus occurs. this is where the B cells will produce receptors and antibodies with a ___ affinity
A
low
13
Q
___ ___ is when B cells produce low affinity ___
A
primary focus, antibodies
14
Q
some Bcells are called via chemokine to ___ centers
A
germinal
15
Q
in germinal centers, B-cells are ___
A
activated
16
Q
the germinal center is known as the __ zone
A
dark
17
Q
cells going into germinal center are ___ and ___
A
proliferating, SHM
18
Q
after passing through germinal center, the Bcells will have ___ affinity for one specific antigen.
A
high
19
Q
Bcell maturation process: ___, undergo SHM and __ selection
A
primary, affinity
20
Q
highly affinities B cells hold ___ of the antigen they come in contact with which improves the immune response.
A
copies
21
Q
light zone is b-cells undergoing ___
A
selection
22
Q
light zone contains lots of ___ cells
A
dendritic
23
Q
___ increase over time by the cell interacting with other antigens
A
mutations
24
Q
SHM is followed by ___ selection
A
affinity
25
____ time elapses between mutation and testing.
little
26
mutations increase over time and with repeated Ag exposures. if the cell becomes worse at grabbing the antibody, the cell is __ from the colony
pruned
27
mutations increase over time and with repeated Ag exposures. If the cell is better at grabbing the antigen, the cell is ___ for.
selected
28
each time the cell divides, there's an opportunity for a new ___ and ___
mutation, selection
29
Plasma cells form within the ___ focus
primary
30
__ cells form within the primary focus
plasma
31
Plasma cells are Bcells that can no longer ___ and rapidly secrete large numbers of ___ molecules.
divide, antibody
32
plasma cells are found within how long of an immune response?
5-6 days
33
when Bcells are selected, it makes them better interacting with ___ __ cells to enhance the immune response.
helper T
34
Plasma cells are ___ secreting cells
Ig
35
where are plasma cells located
medullary cord regions of lymph nodes
36
plasma cells are Bcells that have undergone development where they have lost their characteristic ___
receptors
37
plasma cells are Bcells that are no longer able to undergo ___
division
38
Naive B cells --> ___ --> Plasma Cells
Plasmablasts
39
name for the terminally differentiated B cell?
plama cell
40
what cell secrete large numbers of antibodies, can no longer proliferate, little to no surface BCR expression?
plasma
41
what cell bear cell surface IgM; do not secrete antibody
naive B cell
42
what cell can secrete antibodies, can proliferate, still have surface BCRs
plasmablast
43
Transcription factors dictate whether Ag-activated B cells become:
___ B cells or __ cells
GC, Plasms
44
___ __ dictate whether Ag-activated B cells become: GC B cells or Plasma cells
transcription factors
45
GC cell stands for
germinal center
46
2 circulation sites of plasma cells
bone marrow, mucosal tissues
47
plasma cells that circulate to the mucosal tissue where they produce large amount of Ig___
IgA
48
Some germinal center cells complete their maturation as plasma cells.
takes around __ days
10
49
plasma cells in the bone marrow interact with __ cells
dendritic
50
in the bone marrow, plasma cells can activate a normally ___ cell.
innate
51
__ cells provide support and growth facts to developing cells within the bone marrow
stromal
52
CLP stands for
common lymphoid progenitor
53
after leaving the lymph node, can plasma cells associate with their niche in the bone marrow?
yes
54
order these 3 cells from shortest to longest life span:
1. naive B cell
2. plasmablast
3. plasma cell
2, 1, 3
55
1. naive B cell
2. plasmablast
3. plasma cell
which of these 3 can proliferate
plasmablast
56
location of naive B cells
lymphoid organs
57
location of plasmablast
lymphoid organs and blood
58
location of long-lived plasma cell
bone marrow
59
the purpose of refining B-cells is to make them have high ___
affinity
60
isotope switching is also known as __ ___
class switching
61
naive b-cells meet antigen and become refined. the ___ they express is possible to switch. this is under cytokine control.
antigen
62
a ___ cell presents antigen to Helper T. Helper T meets B cell that recognizes the antigen. Helper B cell started with IgM is driven by the interaction to morph from IgM to IgE.
dendritic
63
a dendritic cell presents antigen to Helper T. Helper T meets __ ___ that recognizes the antigen. Helper B cell started with IgM is driven by the interaction to morph from IgM to IgE.
B cell
64
IgE is good at ___ and ___
parasitic and algeries
65
a dendritic cell presents antigen to Helper T. Helper T meets B cell that recognizes the antigen. Helper B cell started with IgM is driven by the ___ to morph from IgM to IgE.
interaction
66
a dendritic cell presents antigen to Helper T. Helper T meets B cell that recognizes the antigen. Helper B cell started with IgM is driven by the interaction to morph from __ to IgE.
IgM
67
"antigen presenting cells" are __ cells
dendritic
68
CSR stands for
Class-switch recombination
69
B cells must receive costimulatory signals from CD___ to engage in CSR.
CD40
70
CSR requires presence of ___ __ cells
Helper T
71
___ signal received determines the isotype to be produced
Cytokine
72
For CSR: If IL-4 is produced, it switches to produce ___
IgE
73
For CSR: If IL-5 is produced, it switches to produce Ig___
IgA
74
For CSR: what IL is switched to produce IgG
no specific IL is required for IgG
75
describe how a B cell switches from one antibody type to another
76
TGF-beta is a __ growth factor
transforming
77
B-cell ___ provides a rapid/strong response to ___ infection.
memory, secondary
78
Ig___-bearing memory B cells generated prior to somatic hypermutation
M
79
Ig__-bearing memory cells have undergone SHM and produce higher-affinity antibody.
G
80
IgM-bearing memory B cells generated prior to ___ ___
somatic hypermutation
81
IgG-bearing memory cells have undergone ___ and produce higher-affinity antibody.
SHM
82
B-cells are a __ response
humoral
83
if interacting with an infection is day 1, it takes ___ days to start seeing IgM. After a few more days, ___ is seen. This is called the __ response.
IgM, IgE, Primary
84
in secondary response, meets a second exposure, you see plasma cells make ___ again.
IgE
85
in the ___ response, you see huge amounts of IgG
secondary
86
primary response takes about ___ days. the secondary response takes about __ days. This is due to ___ B cells
14, 3, memory
87
IgM bearing memory B cells have __ affinity
low
88
lower affinity, but hight avidity. This is __ bearing memory B cells
IgM
89
lower affinity, but hight avidity. this means they can __ with a lot, but just not as good a fit.
interact,
90
LLPCs stand for
Long-lived plasma cells
91
histologically, LLPCs appear ___ and express different cell surface markers
larger
92
LLPCs produce antibodies ___ after interaction
long
93
LLPCs do their role in the ___ immune response
secondary
94
LLPCs produce Ig___and Ig__ in mucosa
IgG and IgA
95
name the antibody isotope (Ig) produced in these cells:
1. Naive B cell
2. Memory B cell
1. IgM
2. IgG
96
Most newly generated B cells are lost at the end of the ___ immune response.
primary
97
T-dependent (TD) responses require help from T cells.
Which is mediated by B-2 B cells binding to ___ antigens
TD
98
PRRs stand for
Pathogen receptors
99
**start on slide 29
