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Immunology > E3: Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

E3: Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of hyperseneitivites

A

immediate and delayed

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2
Q

how long does delayed hypersensitivities take to manifest

A

1-3 days

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3
Q

why is delayed sensitivities, delayed? because its caused by ___ cells :(

A

because its caused by T-cells

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4
Q

example of a type 2 reaction

A

blood transfusion

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5
Q

example of type 3 reaction

A

antigen/ antibody complexes getting stuck in the kidney and causing renal failure

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6
Q

type __ reaction is your classic allergy

A

1

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7
Q

example of type 4 reaction

A

dermitis,drug hypersensitivity

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8
Q

immune mediator in type 1 reactions

A

IgE

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9
Q

Immune mediator in type __ is IgE

A

1

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10
Q

allergies are initiated by an interaction between ___ and a ___ antigen

A

IgE, multivalent

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11
Q

IgE is circulating in the body in __ concentrations

A

low

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12
Q

most common antibody in the blood

A

IgG

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13
Q

most common antibody on plasma cells

A

IgD and IgM

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14
Q

IgE binds to ____ cells (innate/adaptive)

A

innate

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15
Q

many allergens can elicit a type __ response

A

1

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16
Q

healthy individuals make IgE in response to ___ infections

A

parasitic

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17
Q

__ individuals produce IgE against common environmental Ags

A

Atopic

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18
Q

common environmental Ags are either ___ or ___

A

proteins, glycoproteins

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19
Q

what are epitopes

A

antigenic sites

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20
Q

IgE stimulates a Th___ response

A

2

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21
Q

__ means you are prone to these hypersensativities

A

Atopic

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22
Q

epitope is what the __ binds to

A

antibody

23
Q

if 1 antigen has several epitopes, you can then have ________-___

A

cross reactivity

24
Q

what response does IgE in hypersensitivity type 1 stimulate

A

T helper type 2

25
Q

what does IgE cross link with

A

FceR1s

26
Q

Granule mediators of Type 1 Hypersensitivity act on surrounding tissues and cells to cause ___

A

symptoms

27
Q

the mechanism is mediated by the ___ receptors

A

Fc

28
Q

B cells become ___ cells that produce IgE

A

plasma

29
Q

name of the receptor that is the high-affinity IgE receptor

A

FcER1

30
Q

there are high levels of FceR1 on what 2 cell types

A

mast cells, basophils

31
Q

what cells have low levels of FcER1

A

eosinophils, monocytes, platelets

32
Q

binding does what to IgE

A

increases the half-life from 2-3 days to weeks

33
Q

___ is what we call an allergic reaction

A

degranulation

34
Q

in an allergic reaction, the mast cell calls in what other cell

A

eosinophil

35
Q

what is IgE in the blood for

A

parasitic infections

36
Q

heparin is an ____

A

anticoagulant

37
Q

leukotrienes are an example of

A

cytokines

38
Q

Langerhans cells are located on the __

A

skin

39
Q

if the IgE finds a receptor on a mast cell or basophil, the half life increases to be a few ___

A

weeks

40
Q

IgE binding to a receptor causes __ and ___ of ___

A

degranulation, release of cytokines

41
Q

is there cross talk between acute and chronic reactions

A

yes

42
Q

name of the low affinity IgE receptor

A

FcER2

43
Q

FcER2 regulates the projection of IgE by __ cells
(B or T)

A

B

44
Q

name the 2 isoforms of FcER2

A

CD23 a and b

45
Q

__ cells express both RcER1 and 2

A

mast cells

46
Q

if a cell binds to IgE and IgD the __ signal may be induced

A

inhibiting

47
Q

what is a part of why inducing IgG in atopic individuals can respond to “allergy shots”

A

because the allergy shots increase the IgG produces which can cause an inhibiting signal to be produced

48
Q

2 types of mediators

A

primary, secondary

49
Q

mediators are released by what

A

degranulation

50
Q

histamine is a ___

A

vasodilator

51
Q

histamine effects observed within ___

A

minutes

52
Q

understanding the receptor types of (histamine for example), can help better with ____. Fine tune the medication.

A

treatment

53
Q
A

Immunology (22 decks)

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