Endocrine/Gastrointestinal Anatomy

Question 0

Which lobe of the pituitary PRODUCES hormones like FSH, LH, & GH (among others)?

Answer 0

Anterior lobe (Posterior lobe doesn’t produce any)

Question 1

What is considered the “Master Endocrine Gland?”

Answer 1

Pituitary Gland

Question 2

What anatomical triangle does the thyroid gland lie in?

Answer 2

Anterior cervical triangle

Question 3

Thyroid gland is supplied by which 3 arteries?

Answer 3

Superior thyroid artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Thyroidea ima (3-10%)

Question 4

What is the only muscle that tenses the vocal cords?

Answer 4

Cricothyroid

Question 5

What type of cells secrete calcitonin from the thyroid?

Answer 5

parafollicular cells

Question 6

Parathyroid hormone (PH) is secreted by ____ cells in the parathyroid gland?

Answer 6

Chief

Question 7

The main pancreatic duct joins which duct to open into the ampulla of Vater in the duodenum?

Answer 7

Common bile duct

Question 8

The head of the pancreas is drained by what duct?

Answer 8

accessory pancreatic duct

Question 9

What are the 3 structural zones of the cortex of the adrenal glands in order? (superficial-deep)

Answer 9

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona Reticularis

Question 10

The medulla of the adrenal gland secretes what which is under sympathetic control?

Answer 10

Norepinephrin

Question 11

The gastro-intestinal system is derived from?

Answer 11

Endoderm

Question 12

Which congenital anomaly of the gastro-intestinal system has the “rule of 2’s?”

Answer 12

Meckel’s diverticulum (2% pop., 2 in. long, 2x more in males, etc.)

Question 13

Which layer of peritoneum is sensitive to pain?

Answer 13

Parietal peritoneum

Question 14

The organs in the abdominal cavity that are only covered anteriorly by peritoneum are called what?

Answer 14

retroperitoneal

Question 15

Name the retroperitoneal structures. (AC DC PARK AID)

Answer 15

ascending colon, descending colon, pancreas, adrenals, rectum, kidneys, aorta, IVC, duodenum (2nd-4th parts)

Question 16

The chief cells of the stomach produce what?

Answer 16

Pepsinogen

Question 17

The parietal (oxynitic) cells of the stomach produce what?

Answer 17

Hydrochloric acid & Intrinsic factor

Question 18

The common bile duct opens into which part of duodenum?

Answer 18

2nd part (descending)

Question 19

The duodeno-jejunal junction is held in place by what ligament?

Answer 19

Suspensory ligament (of Treitz) which is attached to the right crus of the diaphragm

Question 20

The opening for bile ducts into the 2nd part of the duodenum is guarded by what smooth muscle?

Answer 20

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 21

Which part of the small intestine is thicker, wider and more vascular?

Answer 21

Jejunum

Question 22

Which part of the small intestine has Peyer’s patches?

Answer 22

Ileum

Question 23

What artery supplies all of the small intestine and most of the large?

Answer 23

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 24

The appendix is most often located here.

Answer 24

Behind cecum (65% of time)

Question 25

In what order to lymphatics of the colon drain?

Answer 25

Pericolic, to paracolic, to mesenteric, to para-aortic

Question 26

What artery supplies the rectum?

Answer 26

Superior rectal branch of the Interior mesenteric artery

Question 27

The junction between the 2 embryological origins of the anal canal is called what?

Answer 27

Pectineal line

Question 28

Whats the difference in muscle type between the internal and external anal sphincter's?

Answer 28

Internal- Smooth | External- Skeletal

Question 29

Which part of the anal canal is sensitive to pain?

Answer 29

``` Lower half (derived from ectoderm) -Upper half is derived from endoderm ```