Microbiology

Question 0

In an endospore stain, the endospores turn _____ and the other cells turn _____?

Answer 0

Green

Red

Question 1

In an acid-fast stain, the mycobacterium will turn ____ and the other tissues turn _____?

Answer 1

Red

Blue

Question 2

Most Gram+ bacteria will end in what?

Answer 2

us, um

Question 3

What are some exceptions to the Gram+ rule?

Answer 3

Listeria, Nocardia, Actinomyces, Streptomyces

Question 4

Gram- bacteria will end in what?

Answer 4

a, er

Question 5

What are some exceptions to the Gram- rule?

Answer 5

Pseudomonas, Proteus, Vibrio, Haemophilus, Bacteroides

Question 6

Bacteria with NO cell wall form what distinctive appearance?

Answer 6

“fried egg”

Question 7

What organisms require an acid-fast stain?

Answer 7

Mycobacterium (waxy Mycolic-acid in cell wall)

Question 8

What are the 2 prokaryotes that have a palisade arrangement?

Answer 8

Corynebacterium diphtheria and clostridium tetani

Question 9

What is found more often in Gram- bacteria and allows them to be more resistant?

Answer 9

Plasmids (F-plasmids, R-plasmids, etc.)

Question 10

Endospores are only formed in these 2 bacterial organisms.

Answer 10

Clostridium, bacillus

Question 11

What is the most common form of bacterial reproduction?

Answer 11

Binary Fission (1 parent= 2 daughter cells)

Question 12

Eukaryotic cells have ___ ribosomes, except mitochondria and chloroplasts which have ___?

Answer 12

80S, 70S respectively

Question 13

What is a Virion?

Answer 13

DNA or RNA enclosed in a capsid (enveloped or nonenveloped)

Question 14

Viroids infect ____ and viroidlike agents infect _____?

Answer 14

Plants, fungi respectively.

Question 15

What are the only ways to kill prions? (proteinaceous agents)

Answer 15

Incineration, autoclave

Question 16

What is the most common viral shape?

Answer 16

Polyhedral (and of that MC is Icosahedron-20 sides)

Question 17

Most pathogens prefer what growth classification?

Answer 17

Mesophilic (moderate temps.)

Question 18

Autotrophs get their nutrient source from what?

Answer 18

Carbon dioxide

Question 19

What type of viral replication results in bacteria becoming pathogenic?

Answer 19

Lysogenic conversion

Question 20

An environment or procedure that is free of contamination by pathogens.

Answer 20

Aseptic

Question 21

What is the term for freeze drying/dry ice?

Answer 21

Lyophilization

Question 22

Removal of ill people who have a disease is called?

Answer 22

Isolation

Question 23

Removal of well persons who may have been exposed to a disease is called?

Answer 23

Quarantine

Question 24

Number of new cases of a disease in an area during a given period of time.

Answer 24

Incidence

Question 25

Number of total cases of a disease in an area during a given period of time.

Answer 25

Prevalence

Question 26

Administration of antigens so that patient actively mounts a protective immune response.

Answer 26

Active immunization (slow action, long lasting)

Question 27

Individual acquires immunity through the transfer of antibodies formed by immune individual or animal.

Answer 27

Passive immunotherapy (immediate protection, short term)

Question 28

What is it called when the effectiveness of a vaccine is checked by measuring the amount of antibody in the blood?

Answer 28

Titer

Question 30

What is used to inactivate vaccines?

Answer 30

Formaldehyde

Question 31

What can you get from custard filled pastry, eggs, tuna fish salad within 2-4 hours?

Answer 31

Staph (+)

Question 32

What can you get from improperly canned veggies, and smoked fish within 18-26 hours?

Answer 32

Botulism (+)

Question 33

What can you get from unpasteurized milk products, hot dogs, lunch meats, and can take up to two weeks?

Answer 33

Listeria (+)

Question 34

What can you get from undercooked meat, veggies, fruit exposed to fecal material that can take up to 2 days?

Answer 34

E. Coli (-)

Question 35

What can you get from poultry, meats and eggs within 12-48 hours?

Answer 35

Salmonella (-)

Question 36

What can you get from foods and water within 1-2 days?

Answer 36

Shigella (-)

Question 37

What can you get from seafood and water within 1-5 days?

Answer 37

Cholera (-)

Question 38

What can you get from undercooked meat a few hours to 3 weeks later?

Answer 38

Francisella tularensis (-)

Question 39

what can you get from raw milk, can get TB in months to years?

Answer 39

Mycobacterium bovis

Question 40

What is a virus spread by arthropods (insects)?

Answer 40

arboviruses

Question 41

S/S: sudden fever, severe headache, seizures, coma, 50% die

Answer 41

Eastern Equine Encephalitis (mosquitoes)

Question 42

S/S: fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, 3% die, mostly affects elderly and infants?

Answer 42

Western Equine Encephalitis (mosquitoes)

Question 43

S/S: Fever, headache, can cause encephalitis

Answer 43

West Nile (mosquito)

Question 44

S/S: fever, headache, encephalitis, mostly elderly affected

Answer 44

St. Louis Encephalitis (mosquito)

Question 45

S/S: fever, headache, abdominal pain, encephalitis

Answer 45

California Encephalitis (mosquito)

Question 46

S/S: causes bleeding and encephalitis

Answer 46

Rift Valley Fever (mosquito)

Question 47

S/S: fever, rash, headache known as "dengue triangle"

Answer 47

Dengue Fever (mosquito)

Question 48

S/S: fever headache, nose bleeds

Answer 48

Yellow fever (mosquito)

Question 49

S/S: fever, headache, chills, eye pain

Answer 49

Colorado tick fever (tick)

Question 50

S/S: bulls eye rash, migrating joint pain

Answer 50

Lyme disease (tick)

Question 51

S/S: rash on hands and feet

Answer 51

Rocky mountain spotted fever (tick)

Question 52

TB, small pox, malaria and mumps are all considered what type of diseases?

Answer 52

Re-emerging