Respiratory/Other Anatomy

Question 0

At what vertebral level does the trachea begin?

Answer 0

C6 (lower border of the cricoid cartilage)

Question 1

When do the alveoli develop in a fetus?

Answer 1

3rd trimester

Question 2

What connects the posterior part of the tracheal rings?

Answer 2

Trachealis muscle

Question 3

The trachea ends at what vertebral level(s)?

Answer 3

T4/5 (sternal angle)

Question 4

The bifurcation of the trachea is called what?

Answer 4

Carina

Question 5

What primary bronchus is longer, narrower, and more horizontal?

Answer 5

Left primary bronchus

Question 6

Which lung is bigger?

Answer 6

Right

Question 7

Which pleural layer is sensitive to pain and what nerves supply that layer?

Answer 7

Parietal (outer) layer

Intercostal and phrenic nerves

Question 8

The extension of the lungs into the neck is limited by what?

Answer 8

Suprapleural membrane (a fibrous structure)

Question 9

What is the order in which the lymphatics of the lung drain?

Answer 9

Pulmonary nodes, to bronchopulmonary nodes, to tracheobronchial nodes, into para-tracheal nodes, finally into mediastinal lymphatic trunks

Question 10

Venous drainage of the lungs is via what?

Answer 10

Azygos venous system

Question 11

The azygos vein receives blood from what veins?

Answer 11

2nd-11th posterior intercostal and right subcostal veins

Question 12

The hemiazygos vein receives blood from what veins?

Answer 12

9th-11th left intercostal veins and left subcostal vein

Question 13

The accessory hemiazygos vein receives blood from which veins?

Answer 13

5th-8th left intercostal veins

Question 14

What are the 3 major openings in the diaphragm and what passes through them?

Answer 14

T8- IVC, right phrenic nerve, and pericardiacophrenic vessels
T10- Esophagus and the vagus nerves
T12- Aorta, thoracic duct, and azygos vein

Question 15

The phrenic nerve is derived from what levels?

Answer 15

C3, C4, C5 (keeps the diaphragm alive)

Question 16

The medial arcuate ligament is over what muscle?

Answer 16

Psoas

Question 17

The lateral arcuate ligament is over what muscle?

Answer 17

Quadratus lumborum

Question 18

The outer cortex of lymph nodes has these types of cells?

Answer 18

Mature B cells organized into follicles

Question 19

Inner cortex of lymph nodes has ________ cells?

Answer 19

Mature T cells

Question 20

What types of cells leave lymph nodes via the hilum?

Answer 20

Activated lymphocytes

Question 21

What is the “largest aggregation of lymphoid tissue?”

Answer 21

Spleen

Question 22

What ribs does the spleen lie between?

Answer 22

9th and 11th in the left midaxillary line

Question 23

What is the job of the red pulp in the spleen?

Answer 23

Destroy old RBC’s

Question 24

The gastrosplenic ligament contains what vessels?

Answer 24

Short gastric and left gastroepiploic arteries and veins

Question 25

What is the largest internal organ in the body?

Answer 25

Liver

Question 26

The coronary ligament suspends the liver to the undersurface of what?

Answer 26

Diaphragm

Question 27

What is the region of the liver bounded by the coronary ligament called?

Answer 27

Bare area

Question 28

Which anatomical lobe of the liver is divided in half between the 2 functional lobes? (Right and left)

Answer 28

Caudate lobe

Question 29

The portal vein supplies the liver with ____% of its blood supply?

Answer 29

70%

Question 30

The porta hepatis lies between which 2 anatomical lobes of the liver?

Answer 30

Caudate and quadrate

Question 31

The common hepatic duct joins up with the _______ to form the common bile duct?

Answer 31

Cystic duct (from gallbladder)

Question 32

What feature is found in the medulla of the Thymus and isn't found anywhere else in the body?

Answer 32

Hassall's corpuscles

Question 33

The thoracic duct begins at what anatomical structure?

Answer 33

Cisterna chyli [L1]

Question 34

Thoracic duct empty's into what veins?

Answer 34

Left internal jugular and subclavian veins

Question 35

The thoracic duct drains lymph from what areas of the body?

Answer 35

Lower extremities Left half of head and neck Left chest

Question 36

Lymph from the right side of the body (not including lower extremity) drains into what?

Answer 36

Right lymphatic duct

Question 37

What are the layers of the epidermis of the skin from outside-in?

Answer 37

``` "Stratum" Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Spinosum Basale (Californian's Like Girls in String Bikinis) ```

Question 38

What are the 2 layers of the dermis (skin)?

Answer 38

Papillary layer | Reticular layer

Question 39

What are Meissner's corpuscles specialized to sense?

Answer 39

Pressure

Question 40

Which skin layer contains the pacinian corpuscles and what are they sensitive to?

Answer 40

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) | Sensitive to vibration

Question 41

Eccrine sweat glands are supplied by ______ nerves and apocrine glands are supplied by ______?

Answer 41

Cholinergic | Adrenergic (apocrine are only in axilla, mons pubis, and around anus)

Question 42

Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called?

Answer 42

Sebum

Question 43

What attaches to the crest on the neck of typical vertebrae? (3-9)

Answer 43

Superior costotransverse ligament

Question 44

What makes the 2nd rib atypical?

Answer 44

There is a large rough tuberosity near its middle for the attachment of the serratus anterior

Question 45

The intercostal veins arteries and nerves (VAN) run between which 2 muscle layers?

Answer 45

Internal and innermost

Question 46

The breasts are a modified version of what type of gland?

Answer 46

apocrine sweat gland

Question 47

75% of the breast lymphatic drainage drains into what?

Answer 47

Anterior group of axillary nodes

Question 48

The space between the lungs is called what?

Answer 48

Mediastinum

Question 49

A horizontal line that separates the superior and inferior mediastinum is at what vertebral levels?

Answer 49

T4/T5

Question 50

Where does the Esophagus begin?

Answer 50

Inferior border of the cricoid cartilage at C6

Question 51

The esophagus passes through what structure at the level of T10?

Answer 51

Diaphragm

Question 52

The upper 1/3, middle 1/3 and lower 1/3 of the esophagus are supplied by which arteries?

Answer 52

Inferior thyroid artery, thoracic aorta, and left gastric artery, respectively.

Question 53

The hilum of the kidney has what structures in it?

Answer 53

Renal vein Renal artery Ureter

Question 54

The renal veins drain into what structure?

Answer 54

Inferior vena cava

Question 55

Give the order in which the kidneys drain in the medulla?

Answer 55

Pyramids, into minor calyces, into major calyces, into the renal pelvis

Question 56

The ureter is innervated by fibers from what spinal levels?

Answer 56

T10-L1, S2-4

Question 57

The bladder is made up of smooth muscle, specially named what?

Answer 57

Detrusor muscle

Question 58

The internal sphincter of the bladder is relaxed by what nerve?

Answer 58

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)

Question 59

The external sphincter of the bladder is controlled by what nerve?

Answer 59

Pudendal nerve (S2-4)

Question 60

The penile part of the urethra passes through what in the penis?

Answer 60

Corpus spongiosum (and then opens at the urethral orifice)

Question 61

The male urethra is divided into 3 parts; what are they called?

Answer 61

Prostatic, membranous, and penile (makes sense)