ENDOCRINE WORKSHOP

Question 1

what does the endocrine system contain?

Answer 1

Higher centres(brain)
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Gonads (ovaries,testis)
thyroid

Question 2

what are common endocrine disorders?

Answer 2

Diabetes mellitus
(Type 1, Type 2)
Thyroid disease
(Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism)

Question 3

what is the gonadal function in females?

Answer 3

f

Question 4

what is the gonadal function in males?

Answer 4

m

Question 5

what is the Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis?

Answer 5

h

Question 6

what is the Hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis?

Answer 6

h

Question 7

how is aldosterone secretion controlled?

Answer 7

independent of cortisol secretion

Question 8

what hormones are involved in homeostasis?

Answer 8

insulin
glucagon
Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
Catecholamines

Question 9

what is insulin secreted by?

Answer 9

by pancreatic beta cells

Question 10

what do beta cells sense?

Answer 10

glucose

Question 11

what does insulin inhibit?

Answer 11

hepatic glucose release

NEFA release from adipose tissue

Question 12

what does insulin down regulate?

Answer 12

glucagon secretion

Question 13

what does insulin promote?

Answer 13

tissue glucose uptake

Question 14

what is glucagon secreted by?

Answer 14

pancreas alpha cells

Question 15

what is the secretion of glucagon negatively regulated by?

Answer 15

insulin

Question 16

what is the secretion of glucagon positively regulated by?

Answer 16

catecholamines

Question 17

what does glucagon promote?

Answer 17

glucose release (liver)

Question 18

what does glucagon stimulate?

Answer 18

NEFA release adipose tissue

Question 19

what is GLP-1 secreted by?

Answer 19

small intestine L cells

Question 20

what is GLP-1 secretion promoted by?

Answer 20

insulin

Question 21

what does GLP-1 act on?

Answer 21

beta cells -Promotes glucose mediated insulin secretion

Question 22

what does GLP-1 inhibit?

Answer 22

glucagon secretion

Question 23

what does GLP-1 delay?

Answer 23

gastric emptying

Suppresses appetite

Question 24

does GLP-1 have a long or short half-life?

Answer 24

very short

Question 25

give examples of Catecholamines

Answer 25

adrenaline noradrenaline

Question 26

what do Catecholamines include?

Answer 26

Hormones and neurotransmitters

Question 27

what do Catecholamines promote?

Answer 27

glucose release from liver | as hormones

Question 28

what do Catecholamines stimulate?

Answer 28

glucagon secretion | as neurotransmitters

Question 29

what are the classifications of diabetes?

Answer 29

type 1 and type 2

Question 30

what is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 30

Young age | rapid onset, life threatening. Autoimmunity

Question 31

what is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 31

Middle age Metabolic, weight gain, excercise Hypertension; dyslipidaemia; increase in CHD

Question 32

what is the management of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 32

giving insulin

Question 33

what is the management of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 33

lifestyle; diet exercise ; prevention