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EPITHELIAL TISSUE Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 primitive (germ cell) layers?

A

Mesoderm / Ectoderm / Endoderm

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2
Q

what is connective tissue derived from?

A

mesoderm

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3
Q

what is muscular tissue derived from?

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

what is nervous tissue derived from?

A

ectoderm

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5
Q

what is epithelium tissue derived from?

A

meso, ecto and endoderm

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6
Q

what is epithelia?

A

tissues that serve as protective layers and/or secretory components of body organs and systems

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7
Q

what is the characteristics of epithelia?

A

Formed into tightly cohesive cellular sheets

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8
Q

what is the function of epithelia?

A

Function is to cover/line body surfaces

e.g. Alimentary canal, Exocrine ducts

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9
Q

what does epithelia form?

A

functional unit of secretory glands e.g. Salivary, Mammary, Sweat

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10
Q

what are common attributes of epithelia?

A 
Limited intercellular space 
Single/multiple layers of cells 
Free apical surfaces 
Basement membrane 
Mitotic capability
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11
Q

why does epithelia have limited intracellular space?

A

Specialised intercellular junctions hold cell memb close together - effective barrier - blocks infiltration of fluids between cells

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12
Q

why does epithelia have single/multiple layers?

A

Form linings/coverings. where diffusion/filtration is important, epithelia is single layer
where protection e.g. abrasion is needed - multiple layers

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13
Q

what is the free apical surface?

A

formed during development or at maturity. The apical surface is where cells of an epithelium face internal lumens

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14
Q

what is the basement memb?

A

opposite to the apical surface. Basal surface attaches to underlying tissues via basement memb derived from underlying CT.

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15
Q

why does epithelia have mitotic capability?

A

Epithelia covering/lining tissues are constantly subjected to wear and tear. This enables repair and regeneration.

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16
Q

what are epithelia’s distinguishing features?

A

All the vital traffic of the body passes through epithelial layer. e.g. digested food, oxygen, secretions
High capacity for regeneration.e.g. wound healing, intestinal abrasion

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17
Q

what are the different arrangements of cells in epithelia?

A

Simple, Pseudostratified, Stratified

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18
Q

what are the different cell shapes in epithelia?

A

Squamous , Cuboidal, Columnar, Transitional

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19
Q

what is simple epithelia?

A

one cell thick

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20
Q

what is stratified epithelia?

A

many cells thick but only bottom layer in contact with basement memb

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21
Q

what is pseudostratified epithelia?

A

appear more than one cell thick but all cells rest on basement memb

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22
Q

what do squamous cell look like?

A

flattened cells like paving stones

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23
Q

what do columnar cells look like?

A

cells are taller than they are wide

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24
Q

what do cuboidal cells look like?

A

cells are of similar height depth and width

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25
what do transitional cells look like?
cells in layers which change their shape when they are stretched
26
where is simple squamous found?
alveoli & capillaries of lungs
27
where is simple cubical found?
kidney tubule
28
where is simple columnar found?
small intestine
29
where is transitional epithelia found?
only in urinary tract | stretches to accommodate fluid changes
30
where is stratified squamous found?
oesophagus
31
where is keratinised stratified squamous found?
only found in skin
32
where is pseudostratfied epithelia found?
trachea, nasal mucosa
33
where is stratified cuboidal found?
sweat gland duct
34
where is stratified columnar found?
salivary gland duct
35
why is the epithelial surface subject to modifications?
Due to wide variety of functions – plasma memb often specialised to enhance functions+maintain cellular integrity
36
what are the modifications of the epithelial surface?
Free luminal surface Basal fixed surface Lateral surface
37
what is the basement membrane?
Separation from the underlying CT
38
what is the function of the basement membrane?
acts to support epithelia a selectively permeable filter between epithelium and CT
39
what is the basal lamina?
supportive sheet between epithelium and underlying CT
40
what does the basement membrane consist of?
basal lamina plus underlying reticular fibre layer
41
what is the microvilli?
Finger-like extensions of the plasma memb of apical epithelial cell
42
what is the function of the microvilli and where is it found?
Increase surface area for absorption | e.g. Small Intestine
43
what is the cilia?
Whip-like, motile extensions
44
what is the function of the cilia and where is it found?
Moves mucus over epithelial surface, in one direction e.g. Trachea and Resp Bronchus
45
what are desmosomes?
adhesive spots on lateral sides | involves proteins called cadherins
46
where are tight junctions found?
at apical area
47
what are tight junctions?
plasma memb of adjacent cells fuse, | nothing passes
48
give an example of where tight junctions are found
GI tract, doesn’t let enzymes from gut into blood stream
49
what are gap junctions?
spot-like junction occurring anywhere | lets small molecules pass
50
what is the glandular epithelium?
aggregates of epithelial cells clustered together to perform specific secretory/excretory function
51
what do glandular epithelium secrete?
hormones, enzymes, milk, sweat, mucous,oil
52
what is an exocrine gland?
pour products into ducts that open into lumen of organ or onto the skin
53
what is an endocrine gland?
ductless glands – secrete into empty tissues spaces – eventually enter blood stream
54
what is a merocrine gland?
e.g. salivary gland - secretion passes from cells without damage to plasma membrane – exocytosis
55
what is a holocrine gland?
e.g. sebaceous gland –cellular debris part of secretion (sebum) involves death of the cell
56
what is an apocrine gland?
e.g. mammary gland – | apical end pinched off
57
how do most glands secrete products?
merocrine
58
what is a simple gland?
single tube
59
what is a compound gland?
branched duct system
60
what is a secretory gland?
Tubular, Acinar/Alveolar, Saccular (pouch like)
61
what is an epithelial membrane?
Thin sheets of flexible tissue that line or cover parts of the body
62
what does an epithelial membrane contain?
contain epithelium and an underlying CT (mucous, serous, cutaneous memb)
63
what are synovial membranes?
contain only CT, and line the cavities of synovial joints
64
what are serous membranes?
simple squamous | resting on thin layer loose CT
65
where are serous membranes found?
line closed body cavities | serous fluid – lubrication
66
what are mucous membranes?
lines cavities open to outside
67
where are mucous membranes found?
mucus cells/glands lumen of digestive (microvilli), reproductive, resp tracts (ciliated)
68
what are cutaneous membranes?
skin | stratified squamous epithelium
69
where are synovial membranes found?
joints synovial fluid | epithelial layer incomplete
70
what is the function of serous membranes?
cover the surface of organs that are not exposed to the outside & secrete a watery fluid
71
what are the 2 layers of serous membrane?
parietal and visceral
72
what is the parietal layer?
attaches to the body wall around the organ
73
what is the visceral layer?
attaches to the organs themselves
74
what does cutaneous membranes line?
skin, covering the outer surface of the body
75
what does synovial membranes line?
cavities of freely movable joints, and contain only CT
76
what do basal cell carcinoma (BCC) show?
nodular masses of basaloid cells
77
what do squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) show?
irregular masses of atypical epidermal keratinocyte tumour masses

IMS (52 decks)

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