EQ3 superpowers Flashcards
(54 cards)
what is a sphere of influence?
the claim by a state to exclusive or predominant control over a foreign area or territory
OR
a political claim to exclusive control which other nations may or may not recognise
how can countries attempt to acquire natural resources through new territory?
invasion and conquest of another country’s territory (rare)
claiming offshore, undersea resources by extending a countries exclusive economic zone
why do countries want to extend EEZs into arctic ocean?
huge oil and gas reserves under the ocean
what is the potential impact on environment from oil and gas drilling in arctic?
oils pill risk high
arctic is one of last remaining pristine environments with a large popn (inuit)
example of economic spheres of influence
intellectual property rights- patents
what % of royalty fees were paid to usa, japan and western europe
80% of $150-200bn annual royalty
what are negatives of patents
- establishes a monopoly
- HICs always get to them first
- favours tncs
- no duty to make or sell product
- holds back LIC development
how can counterfeit goods cause tension?
- causes strain on trade relationships as counterfeits account for 3% global trade
- TNCs limit investment in China and other counterfeit hubs
- total losses of $400-600 annually
- god unsafe or bad quality putting consumer at risk
what policies give China a large sphere of influence?
’ nine dashed line’
‘ first and second island chain ‘
How is there tensions or do with spheres of influence in Eastern Europe
Many Eastern European countries joining the EU
Russian invasion of parts of Georgia 2008 and then Ukraine 2014/2022
Build up of NATO armed forces in the Baltic states
How is there tensions or do with spheres of influence in the Middle East
2011 Russia allied Syrian gov in effort to fight ISIS and rebel forces
Russia support Iran- an enemy of US allies israel and Saudi
How is there tensions or do with spheres of influence in East China Sea
Strained relations between North Korea (China) and South Korea (US)
China sees s. Korea and Japan as economic competitors
How is there tensions or do with spheres of influence in South China Sea
Numerous disputed islands claimed by China and Philippines and Taiwan
China perusing policy of islands settlement and island building with military facilities
How is there tensions or do with spheres of influence in Central America
China show in increasing interest in alternative routes to the Panama Canal between Atlantic and pacific
Area of traditional US hegemony
what is neo colonialism
former colonial powers use economic and political strategies to indirectly control less developed countries
goal is o maintain dependency of newly independent countries on colonial powers for economic and political guidance
eg commonwealth
what is the brain drain and how is it used to maintain superpower power over LIC
educated people in LIC society leave, transferring their human capital to HICs such as EU and USA
human capital transfered from LICs to HICs
how are unfair terms of trade used to maintain superpower power over LICs
LIC remains dependent on power through taxes, tariffs and loans
prevents their development
how do local wealthy elites maintain SP power over LICs
superpower creates allies in wealthy country elite so they support the superpower
how do people living in African countries perceive China?
64% people see china as a somewhat or very positive influence on their country
china ranks second as a development model, and 2nd greatest external influence
across 36 countries
what % of Indian Doctors are lost to the USA
25%
what aspects of the China- Africa trade relationship could be viewed as developmental
- heavy investment in roads to allow for exxports but infrastructure can be used by people
- vital jobs created in industry and energy, modernising economy
- Chinese finance funded 17 mayor HEP projects since 2000
- factories and mines bring modern work practices
- trade worth $200bn in 2019
what aspects of the China- Africa trade relationship could be viewed as neo - colonial
- infrastructure investment allows china to export materials
- cheap chinese imports undercut local sellers
- aid from China tied to FDI
- africa has raw material cheap exports and expensive manufactured imports
- FDI brings short term construction jobs not long term
- skilled well paid jobs taken by chinese migrants
- countries without natural resources not included
how is there interdependence between africa and china
china reliant on raw materials from africa
africa reliant on investment from china
potential impact of interdependence between china and africa
slow down in chinese economy = slow down in africas
if more developing countries align with emerging economies this could have significant impacts on trade patterns and geopolitical alliances
