Globalisation EQ2 Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is global shift
Manufacturing and industrial activity has shifted from different parts of the world
1960s- Europe and USA
present caged in East ( china and India) due to large unskilled workforce and cheaper production costs for TNCs
Benefits of outsourcing
- workers receive middle class wages so disposable income increases
- businesses see more customers due to positive multiplier effect
- increased profits for TNC ceos
Cons of outsourcing
- Workers exploited with long shifts and lower pay than MEDC workers
- employees demotivated by repetitive nature of work
- inequality increasing as poorest still can’t access outsourced jobs
Why are sweatshops moving from china
Previously accelerated chinas globalised status
Cheaper labour in Bangladesh and Vietnam
Has Bad reputation
New technological outsourcing moved to china
Benefits of outsourcing manufacturing to china
- new production methods brought by TNCs adopted by local companies
- locals less dependent on subsidence farming and now earn a wage
Cons of outsourcing manufacturing to china
- Many employees exploited with dangerous working conditions, chemical contact and long hours
- high environmental degradation
- rivers and waterways polluted with arsenic , lead and dangerous chemicals
- air polluted with high levels of particulate matter
- rise in pollution related welted fatalities
What was deindustrialisation
1970s
Many factors workers lost their jobs as TNs relocated and outsourced manufacturing to the east
Example cities which experienced impacts of deindustrialization
Detroit
Glasgow
What were the impacts of deindustrialisation
Dereliction and contamination - buildings previously occupied by factories abandoned, chemical and industrial waste infiltrated soil and waterways
Increased unemployment - depopulation and deprivation of inner city areas
Increased crime rate
What are some urban pull factors in rural-urban migration?
- employment opportunities- large businesses and TNCs provide high range of jobs with higher wages
- services - better access to services as distance needed to travel is reduced, likely to be more specialised services available (healthcare, education, embassies)
- infrastructure - transport more reliable and faster, increased links, better internet and broadband connections, street lights make it safer to go out at night
Rural push factors
- poverty - only decreased farming earnings and seasonal tourist work available
- conflict (Sudan, darfur) - scarcity of resources, lack of safety
- land reform - TNCs claim land owned by locals, common in indigenous communities with less voice against TNCs
- agricultural modernisation- advancement of agricultural machinery so less people required on farm causing unemployment
- climate and natural disasters - crop failure, fatalities, destroyed houses, infrastructure
Challenges faced by growing cities
- Strain on services
- overcrowding and development of slums
- rising crime rates
- poor sanitation due to open sewers
- lack of green space
- congestion leads to pollution
What is glocalisation
The adaptation of good and services by a TNC to meet local needs and taste
What are elite international migrants
Very skilled or very wealth people with the ability to move to global hubs
Russian oligarchs
Russian oligarchs case study notes
Pay investors visas
Purchase property in London - causes UK house price to escalate
Invest in pounds as Russian rouble is too unstable
What are economic international migrants
Workers who earn very little and are very skilled in a particular profession (often construction)
Can fill skill gaps and advance development
Can escalate urban popn growth and rise in illegal migrants
what major cities attract economic migrants
Dubai, London and New York
where do russian oligarchs buy
houses?
Mayfair, Kensington, belgrave
Benefits for host country of migrants
- fill skill gaps
- working migrants contribute through tax and buying goods and services (multiplier effect )
- increase cultural and demographic diversity
- young migrants balance ageing population
- businesses have larger pool of potential employees and customers
Benefits for source country of migrants
- migrants send remittance which can aid development and reduce poverty
- migrants become skilled and come back to set up businesses encouraging local economy
- reduced service spending as population declines
Costs for host countries of migrants
- rise of far right organisations, hate crimes and racial tension when lack of understanding between population
- strains on services
- house price inflation due to higher demand
Costs for source country of migrants
- brain drain due to skilled workers leaving
- migrants tend to be young so leave isolated ageing population
- decline in services due to low customer numb3s leading to negative multiplier effect
- agricultural land not taken care of - potential dereliction
What is culture
Language - national language, dialect and accent
Tradition- behaviour and manners
Religion
Food- national dishes and diet that reflect local spices, crops and animals
How is culture influenced
Media
Migration
TNCs
social media
