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interventions case studies Flashcards

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1
Q

when was the ebola outbreak

A

march 2014- feb 2016

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2
Q

how many deaths were caused by ebola after 18 months

A

12,000

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3
Q

what countries were affected by ebola

A

liberia
sierra leone
guinea
nigeria
mali
one aid worker from USA
bulk in first 3

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4
Q

what does UNMEER stand for

A

UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response

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5
Q

when was UNMEER formed and why

A

6 months after first reported case

purpose was to lead and co-ordinate international responses of NGOs such as MSF

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6
Q

main missions/ tasks of UNMEER

A
  • inform everyone about disease
  • locate and monitor anyone come into contact with an ebola patient
  • overseeing safe burial of victims
  • accessing adequate food supplies in situation of decreased food production, rising prices and closed national borders
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7
Q

where and when did efforts in decline of ebola stall?

A

sierra leone
2015

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8
Q

why did the ebola effprt stall in sierra leone

A
  • fear of reporting to authorities that family and friends contracted or died from Ebola
  • fatigue with 24/7 tasks of following careful precautions
  • denial by hardcore of popn who were resistant to changing behaviours
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9
Q

Botswana GDP per capita 1966

A

$70

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10
Q

how much of Botswana government expenditure came from aid in first years of independence

A

60%

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11
Q

what was Botswana GDP per capita in 2019

A

US$8250

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12
Q

how did botswana have so much growth in GDP per capita

A

invested aid in diamond industry
largest producers of diamonds
rest of economy based on:
- upmarket tourism
- financial services
- subsidence farming
- cattle rearing

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13
Q

how much of botswana econmy is diamonds and why could this be bad

A

1/3 of economy
3/4 exports
expected levelling off of diamond production in next 20 years overshadows long term prospects

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14
Q

why does botswana still receive aid and what % of its economy does aid make up

A

to fight HIV/AIDS- has one of most advanced treatment programmes.
making antiretroviral drugs readily available
3%

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15
Q

how many adults in botswana have HIV or AIDS

A

1 in 3

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16
Q

how are human rights in botswana poor?

A
  • same political party in for over 40 years. state control over media
  • retains death pen in case of murder, treason and assassination
  • LGBT groups face wide discrimination
  • dispossessed indigenous Bushmen from Kalahari Desert (vast diamond fields)
  • cultural diversity not encouraged
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17
Q

why does Haiti receive aid?

A

linked to poverty and natural disasters
reliance developed

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18
Q

how much aid ahs Haiti received since 1955

A

US$38bn

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19
Q

success of aid in haiti?

A

lives saved in 2010 quake
help to rebuilt parts of Haiti

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20
Q

failures of aid in haiti

A
  • local jobs lost to aid workers
  • dependency on aid created
  • haven’t consulted locals on what they want so perceived as meddling
  • only small amounts of aid from 2010 earthquake has reached Haitians
  • weak government as staff from NGOs have taken over roles best done by local officials
  • NGOs pay better so skilled locals brain drain
  • most aid money sent in america not local companies
  • poor human rights and GDP growth
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21
Q

how much of schooling and healthcare are paid for by NGOs in Haiti

A

70% health
85% schooling

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22
Q

how much of the aid reached haitians and their businesses compared to american business?

A

$10bn pledged
only 2% reached haitian NGOs and government

from USAID for reconstruction:
1% reached haitian business
70% american businesses

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23
Q

why was there a USA intervention in syria 2011?

A

democratic uprisings against assad regime
use of chemical weapons lead to USA coalition launching air strikes
russia launched air strike in support of Assad

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24
Q

who intervened in Syria?

A

US- missile strikes targeting Assad
UK and France- aiding US bombing, deployed special forces
Russia- ground troops to support Assad
Türkiye- invaded, moving border 100 miles forwards
- IS saw power vacuum and invaded

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25
how was the Syrian intervention a success?
Destroyed IS in the area- Assad regime eventually toppled 2025 Transitional government in place - so no power vacuum Recognised by America
26
failures of syrian intervention
Failed to topple Assad during intervention Transitional gov not recognised by some regions within Syria Massive displacement and deaths Continued fighting after intervention stopped Went against sovereignty
27
how many died in Syria 2011
380,000-585,000
28
how many internally displaced civilians and refugees were there in syria how does this relate to overall population
6.7 internally displaced 6.6 fled abroad as refugees over half the 21million population!!
29
why was there an intervention in iraq
suspected weapons of mass destruction (chemical and biological) systematic violation of Iraqi human rights by Saddam Hussein
30
critique of iraq invasion justification
no WMD actually found- no evidence prior to intervention
31
sucesses of iraq invasion
removal of Saddam Hussein success of early development projects: - vaccination programme reduced infant mortality by 75% - 2005 first free elections for 50 years
32
failures of Iraq intervention
- forces left iraq without systems needed for restoring security and protecting human rights, as well as economic growth - rise of IS and al-Qaeda in power vacuum - animosity between groups worsened in aftermath of war - political instability allowed corruption to flourish - human rights violation by new gov - illegal war
33
how did al-Qaeda and IS rise in iraq
no presence prior to war power vacuum allowed them to establish themselves there groups fought for land killed and oppressed many iraqi civilians
34
how have ethnic tensions increased in Iraq post intervention?
Sunni and Shia groups reported Shia officials kidnap and kill Sunni people. Sunni held in prisons with no charge
35
how has corruption in Iraq changed post intervention?
increased 2015 ranked 161 out of 168 in corruption perceptions index BUT risen to 140 by 2024
36
how has lie expectancy increased in Iraq post war
68.6 to 71.35 since 2003
37
why was there an intervention in Libya 2011
Civil war and civilian casualties protests due to arab spring
38
what happened in Libya intervention
no fly zone, air strikes against Gaddafi forces France UK under 'responsibility to protect'
39
how was the Libya intervention successful
Gaddafi killed and regime ousted potentially in civilian interest....?
40
how was the Libya intervention unsuccessful
- ethnic tensions created between groups - breakdown of country into opposing military forces cause long term instability - terrorist training camps more abundant - human rights vio of civilians- bombed civilians! - new government have allegations of rape, killings and ethnic cleansing - estimated 100,000 civilian deaths - possible IS infiltration
41
East Timor context: where is it? who was it colonised by? when did it gain independence and for how long?
- south east Asia, shares island with Indonesia - colonised by Portugal - gained independence 1975 for 9 days - Indonesia invaded after 9 days
42
how many died in indonesia takeover of east timor - from what?
25% of population 200,000 dead by 1999 famine, disease, conflict, torture and human rights abuse
43
what was the initial intervention in east Timor?
1999- vote of independence 78% voted for independence from indonesia
44
what was the result of the Un diplomatic intervention in East Timor
vote started more violence : 7000 murdered 400,000 displaced
45
what was the second intervention in East Timor
UN sanction arms embargo against Indonesia Diplomatic effort to pressurise Indonesia in maintaining peace and distributing aid fairly
46
what was the result of arms embargo on Indonesia
2002: Indonesian forces withdrew and East Timor became fully independent
47
current state of East Timor?
Un still working with country to ensure freedom of speech media in place legal system isn't set up to provide fair trials and police frequently accused of human rights abuses in using excessive force against citizens
48
Zimbabwe Context where is it? what is their political system? GDP er capita?
- landlocked country in southern Africa - has democratic gov where president elected by public US$1410
49
colonial background of Zimbabwe
annexed territory to expand British empire self governing colony in 1923 via referendum gained independence in 1980
50
Who is Mugabe?
prime minister in 1980 became executive president in 1987- combined head of state as well as commander in chief for armed forces called for independent state to be controlled by black majority in 70s
51
what led Zimbabwe's economic decline?
Mugabe emphasised redistrubution of land controlled by white farmers during colonial period land given to friends and associates who didnt know how to run farm- ed to economic decline
52
what % of Zimbabweans live under national poverty line
72%
53
how much of government budget was allocated to government salaries in 2014
82% - much lost to corruption
54
what is causing increased deforestation in Zimbabwe
tobacco farming lack of legislation in place
55
why was there a lack of intervention in Zimbabwe
previous history as British colony meant western powers reluctant to intervene so not seen as colonial again not enough support from African countries- didn't see Mugabe as threat to social and political rights - resistance from Russia and China so no UK troops authorised
56
why was there a civil war in Ivory Coast?
rooted in religious differences between Muslims in North and Christians in the South sort of peace reached in 2007...
57
what happened in ivory coast 2010
presidential election Christian Gbagbo lost to Muslim Ouattara Gbagbo refsude to step down and civil war resumed
58
what were the UN peacekeepers doing in 2011
- protecting civilians - bringing about disarmament and reintegration of two warring factions monitoring and protecting human rights UN and france bombed Gbagbo's tanks and artillery Gbagbo and his wife arrested and tried at ICC to face charges of crimes against humanity
59
example of development aid
Haiti- failure Botswana FDI- success
60
Example of health aid?
Ebola - success Bill gates malaria- success?
61
examples of direct military action
Libya - failure Syria- success/ failure Iraq- short term gain long term Failure
62
example of non military intervention
East Timor Ivory Coast IMF
63
examples of no intervention?
Zimbabwe
64
examples of military aid/ indirect military action
Saudi Arabia- military aid Ivory coast- success

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