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superpowers case studies Flashcards

also general stats around powers (58 cards)

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1
Q

when did the IMF allow the Ivory Coast to receive AID?

A

2013

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2
Q

what did cancellation of debt depend on in the Ivory coast?

A

first $4bn- economic reform, allow free presidential elections, set up of commercial courts
next $10Bn- electricity sector reform allowing companies to react to change in world energy prices

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3
Q

how did USA intervene in 2011 Libya Crisis (not detailed)

A

USA military intelligence used
EU led by France and UK
action against Gaddafi region

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4
Q

how did USA intervene in 2010 Haiti Earthquake

A

USA used vast naval and air force to respond
gave medical, food and infrastructure aid

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5
Q

how did USA intervene in 2014 Ebola response in Africa

A

USA, UK and France led response in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea
deployed military and medical assets alongside WHO

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6
Q

how did USA lead ‘war on terror’

A

GW Bush 2003-
leading global effort against Islamic extremist terrorism in Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, East Africa and Middle East

Invaded Iraq to find weapons of mass destruction- never found.

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7
Q

what is Europe’s predicted decrease in energy demand by 2040

A
  • 256 MTOE
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8
Q

what is china’s predicted increase in energy demand by 2040?

A

+ 807 MTOE

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9
Q

how much global coal is used in China

A

50%

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10
Q

what % of co2 emissions do china and India make up

A

32%

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11
Q

what % of chinas forests were disturbed between 1986 and 2020?

A

39.7%

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12
Q

how many people in BRIC economies considered middle class in 2020?

A

1.7Bn
majority in China

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13
Q

what will chinas meat consumption be if catches up to USA average consumer income

A

180 million tonnes meat consumed each year- 80% global production in 2015

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14
Q

how will chinas coal consumption be if catches up to USA average consumer income

A

coal consumption in china will exceed global usage

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15
Q

what countries have lodged claims with UN to increase EEZs into arctic territories?

A

Canada, USA, Denmark, Russia

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16
Q

how much oil was spilled in 2020 in the arctic circle

A

20000 tonnes

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17
Q

how far did the 2020 arctic oil spill travel

A

12km from site of accident

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18
Q

how many people migrated too russian north caucasian federal district in 2022

A

150000

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19
Q

What % of undiscovered oil and gas are in the arctic circle

A

30% gas
13% oil

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20
Q

What is the contested zone in the arctic called

A

Lomonsov ridge

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21
Q

How have tensions risen in the arctic over oil and gas

A

Russia planted flag on seabed 2007
3 parties have nuclear weapons (USA EU Russia)
Russia and Canada created arctic forces to protect their interest
Number of ‘scientific’ expeditions increased so countries have a bigger presence in the area

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22
Q

How does Russia’s interest in arctic oil impact people?

A

Many epoelple migrating to Caucasian federal district
Indigenous peoples lives becoming more localised due to arctic development so can’t be nomadic

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23
Q

How does Russia’s interest in arctic oil impact the environment?

A

Russia by far biggest producer arctic! Has impact on greenhouse effect

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24
Q

What % of arctic oil and gas does Russia produce e

25
What % of global trades do counterfeit goods account for
3%
26
What is china doing in the South China Sea
Occupy deserted islands and artificially build larger or new islands In spratly islands
27
China Great Wall of sand timeline
2014 building new airport on reclaimed land on fiery cross reef 2015 port and potential airport on mischief reef 2015 subi reef developed into Chinese military base
28
Why and how did russia invade Ukraine in 2014
Took crimea by force To gain total control of Russian naval base at Sevastopol in Crimea- base was previously leased to Russia in 1997 Is Ukraine joins EU or NATO this base could be lost
29
Price and timeline of belt and road initiative
$4-8 trillion Could extend to 2049
30
What are the three strands of belt and road initiative
Overland Silk Road Maritime Silk Road Polar Silk Road
31
Describe overland Silk Road initiative
Rail links from western China to Germany Corridor of development from Mongolia to Russia More corridors to turkey, Pakistan and coast
32
Describe maritime Silk Road initiative
Ports Sean routes and infrastructure development around the Indian Ocean Through Suez Canal
33
Describe overland polar Road initiative
Opening of North Sea route through Arctic Ocean to Europe
34
Geopolitical implications of belt and road initiative
Strengthening ties between China and Pakistan through China Pakistan economic corridor - makes India nervous Strengthened ties with south east Asia, turkey and Sri Lanka - makes America nervous Makes China a key player in arctic so ally with Russia china and iran ties strengthened- presidents met in 2024
35
what is chinas interest in African countries based on? examples.
copper ore in Zambia crude oil in Angola, Sudan and Chad coltan- used in mobile phones- from DRC
36
what projects in Africa are being supported by China
o new projects $51bn investment in financing to boost trade- provided 1 million jobs gives better access to Chinese market new infrastructure, clean energy and nuclear projects
37
what is the only African country not trading with China
Eswatini- shows how China is greatest trade partner
38
where are chinas main relationships in africa
Nigeria ethiopia South Africa Angola
39
what are chinas main imports and exports from africa
imports raw materials such as crude oil exports machinery and textiles
40
Taiwan context: when and why was it created relationship with china
1949 ending of Chinese civil war those opposed to the communist peoples republic of China on mainland retreated to Taiwan- an island province of China tensions grown each claim to be Chinas legit government China government maintains territorial claim to Taiwan
41
Tibet context: - what happened - where is the dalai lama - why are tensions rising
tibet seeking separation from China Government atheist and supressing religion, culture and freedom of expression in tibet dalai lama exiled to India tensions raised by chinese ethnic migrants encouraged to move to tibet - building high speed train links investment in tibetan industry changing face of independent nation
42
how have tensions between china and japan changed
historic tensions have improved in 21st century now trade extensively weakened in chinese civil war when US troops stationed in japan after ww2 tensions increased as USA invested in Japan post ww2 as japan adopted western capitalist economy
43
what % of proven oil reserves are in the middle east?
60%- therefore cannot be ignored by superpowers
44
describe Yemen civil war
directly involves Saudi Arabia indirectly USA UK implied through supply of arms to Saudi
45
why did debt increase during financial crisis 2007-2008
money borrowed to: - re finance banks and other businesses facing collapse - pay social service costs such as unemployment benefits - pay for new infrastructure such as roads and bridges in an effort to stimulate economic growth
46
what were debt levels in UK, USA and Japan by 2021
UK - 110% of annual GDP USA- 102% '' Japan- 270% '' - higher as they import a majority of goods
47
how did invasion of Ukraine impact EU economy
estimated direct cost of 1.4% EU gdp in 2022 managing price rise from russian supplied oil and gas Impacted USA as well but not to same extent as don't have direct supply chain
48
how many worked in Coal mines in 1980s compared to 1990s
80s- 240,000 90s- 13,000 disappeared completely in 2024 caused unemployment as Thatcher restructured economy
49
How did economic restructuring impact the USA
'rust belt' regions of the USA produced cars growth of tertiary and quaternary industry in sun belt - california, arizona traditional manufacturing cities such as Detroit experienced decline as industry moved away
50
how much of USA GDP spent on defence
USA 3.4%- $830bn
51
how much does a test firing of tomahawk cruise missile cost
$1.5million
52
how much DID the UK spend on development assistance and why
0.7% annual GDP $19bn in 2019 seen as key aspect of hard power
53
how is nuclear deterrent being developed and critiqued globally
80% UK MPs vied on renewing Tridents weapon system delivered by submarines- expected £31bn cost critics argue they were never used in cold war- are hey really necessary expenditure?
54
why and how is air power being developed globally?
traditional jets replaced by autonomous drones to increase precision increased threat from BRICs lead to NATO investing more in airpower USA top score in air power ranking
55
how are space programmes being developed globally?
space exploration symbol of global power and technological advancement USA moon 1969 space race NASA budget grown reaching %25,4bn in 2024 china and india key players in modern space race
56
how is the Navy being developed and critiqued globally
aircraft carriers vital in power projection - enable rapid deployment land based missile development has increased vulnerability of carriers
57
how is intelligence being developed and critiqued globally
human intelligence contrasted with technological developments such as AI, satellite tech and cyber capability however human spies still important due to complexity of behaviours cyber security increased due to threat of cyber attacks
58

Geography (39 decks)

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