measures of development Flashcards
(24 cards)
what does Happy Planet Index measure
composite measure
- life expectancy- measures health
- life satisfaction - human contentment
- ecological footprint- measure of resources (energy, water, food) used
what makes HPI reliable
- combines wellbeing and environmental aspects
- mixture of hard and soft criteria
hard- resource use
what makes HPI unreliable
doesn’t take economic measures into account- no gdp
often misunderstood to be measure of personal happiness
life satisfaction subjective, personal
what does GDP (PPP) measure
exchange rate at which a basket of goods can be purchased for when currency is converted
adusts gdp to take spending power into account
basket of goods includes consumer goods, equipment and construction goods
what makes GDP (PPP) reliable
good way to compare GDP which takes into account cost of living and varying product pruce
measures range of goods and services- not just food
what makes GDP (PPP) unreliable
difficult to find comparable basket of goods
goods available to purchase vary across countries as well as patterns of consumption
countries often don’t have uniform prices so hard to measure
what does Human Development Index measure
composite measure
life expactancy
literacy rate/ years of schooling
GNI per capita
what makes HDI reliable
holistic as takes multiple factors into account
life expectancy correlate to healthcare
economic and social so few areas left out
what makes HDI unreliable
no suggestion of environmental quality- sanitation and pollution not measured
quality of education not considered only quantity
satisfaction not accounted for
high GNI links to western ideas not applicable to all
what does Gini Index measure
inequality in household income
what makes Gini Index reliable
numbered data so easy to compare
data gathered by surveys from world bank
what makes Gini Index unreliable
misrepresents informal economy
hard to distinguish distribution unless graph drawn
depends on how accurate income data is
what does Life Expectancy measure
statistical measure of avg someone is expected to live
based on:
- year oof birth
- demographic factors (sex)
- current age
can be based on an age cohort or period of time
what makes LE reliable
closely connected with health conditions
what makes LE unreliable
nobody can actually predict future events only statistical
what does Gender Inequality Index measure
measured with reproductive health,, female empowerment and labour market
what makes GII reliable
composite index
doesnt sue flawed indicators
uses health indicators specific to women
what makes GII unreliable
very similar to HDI so cannot be used independently
doesn’t actually cover how unequal gender is
looks at national parliamentary representation- not local gov
what does Corruption Perception Index measure
ranks 180 countries and territories around the globe by perceived level of public sector corruption
0- highly corrupt
100- very clean
what makes CPI reliable
strong correlation between CPI ad black market activity and over abundance of regulation
what makes CPI unreliable
difficult to quantify
bias can arrise
what does % enrolment in primary education measure
proportion of children enrolled in primary education
what makes % enrolment in primary education reliable
based on routinely collected, standardised administrative data
objective and comparable over time
straightforward, reliable indicator - less prone to bias
what makes % enrolment in primary education unreliable
migration can result in discrepancies between actual and reported enrolment numbers
incomplete or outdated records can lead to higher or lower % that misrepresent actual value
doesn’t measure quality or if children actually receiving education- only enrolment
