Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2. Anatomy > Equine Hindlimb > Flashcards

Equine Hindlimb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 joints of the hindlimb?

A
  1. Hip
  2. Stifle
  3. Hock
  4. Fetlock
  5. Pastern
  6. Coffin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hip joint

A

Btwn acetabulum and the head of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two stifle joints?

A
  1. Femoro-patellar (femur + patellar)
  2. Femoro-tibial (femur + tibia, fibula)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 hock/tarsal joints?

A
  1. Tibio-tarsal (tarsocrual)
  2. Proximal intertarsal (centroproximal)
  3. Distal intertarsal (centrodistal)
  4. Tarsometatarsal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tibiotarsal (tarsocrual) joint

A

Btwn distal end of the tibia and the first proximal row of the tarsal bones (talus and calcaneus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Proximal intertarsal joint (centroproximal)

A

Btwn talus/ calcaneus and the second row of tarsal bones (central and 4th tarsal bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Distal intertarsal joint (centrodistal)

A

Btwn central tarsal bone and distal row of tarsal bones
Fused 1st and 2nd tarsal bones and the 3rd and 4th tarsal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tarsometatarsal

A

Btwn distal row of tarsal bones (1,2,3 and 4 tarsal bones) and the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fetlock joint

A

Btwn the distal end of the 3rd metatarsal and the proximal sesamoid bones and P1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pastern joint

A

Btwn P1 and P2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Coffin joint

A

Btwn the P2/P3 (coffin bone) and distal sesamoid bone (navicular bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which muscles extend the hip?

A

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, superficial and middle gluteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CS of the semimembranosus and semitendinosus

A

IM injections
alternate muscles so you won’t give abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the biceps femoris?

A

Extends and abducts the limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the deep gluteal muscle?

A

Abducts the limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the quadriceps?

A

Extend the stifle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the gracilis?

A

Adduct the limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Trochanteric bursa

A

Formed by the tendon of insertion of the middle gluteal muscle and the lower cranial portion of the greater trochanter of the femur
Prevents irritation and friction from large muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the CS of the trochanteric bursa?

A

Trochanteric bursitis that causes severe hindlimb lameness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What nerve appears once the gluteal medius muscle is removed?

A

Sciatic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Motor
Supplies the semimem, semiten, and biceps femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

SC of the sciatic nerve?

A

Paralysis due to trauma or post-anesthesia recovery
Atrophy of muscles
Hip drop
Touch-toe lameness
Asymmetry
Hyperextension of stifle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tibial and fibular nerves

A

Flex the hock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Femoral nerve

A

Extends the stifle
CS: hyperflexion, dropped stifle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Obturator nerve

A

Innervates the gracilis and adductor musckes

26
Q

Sacroiliac ligament

A

Forms the attachment between the ilium of the pelvis and the vertebral column

27
Q

CS of the sacroiliac ligament

A

Severe trauma (kick, fall) the lig will rupture causing Hunter’s Bump (sacro-iliac subluxation) –> one dropped hip

28
Q

How is the hip joint articulation strengthened? (Preventing subluxation/ dysplasia)

A
  1. transverse lig of the acetabulum
  2. Lig of the head of the femur
  3. Accessory ligament originating from the prepubic tendon
29
Q

How many compartments does the femoro-tibial joint have?

A

2, medial and lateral

30
Q

How does the FTJ communicate with the FPJ?

A

Medial compartment of the FTJ communicates with the FPJ more than 80% in horses
Lateral compartment communicates with the FPJ in 25%

31
Q

CS of the FPJ?

A

Joint arthroscopies/ injections and easier to puncture
Landmark: Either side of the patella lig

32
Q

What is the landmark for the lateral compartment of the femoro-tibial joint?

A

Immediately behind the lateral patellar lig

33
Q

How does the patella connect with the tibia and femur?

A

3 ligs and a fibrocartilage:
1. lateral patellary lig
2. Middle patellary lig
3. Medial patellary lig
4. Patellary fibrocartilage

34
Q

Patellar locking mechanism

A

First component of the passive stay apparatus
Lateral patellary lig, medial patellary lig, and patellary fibrocartilage impt. because they guard the trochlea of the femur
Allows flexion and extension of the stifle (patella sliding on the trochlea)

35
Q

Upward Fixation of the Patella

A

When patella stays on the femur (not sliding) and joint locks
Stifle and hock joint remain extended, can’t flex

36
Q

How do you treat upward fixation of the patella?

A

Severing the medial patellary ligament

37
Q

What muscles are on the lateral aspect of the tib?

A

Long digital extensor
Lateral digital extensor
Lateral digital flexor

38
Q

Long digital extensor

A

Only muscle that reaches P3 and inserts on the extensor process of P3

39
Q

CS pf the extensor process of P3

A

Pyramid disease
Joint injection in the coffin joint

40
Q

CS of the tendon of the lateral digital extensor

A

Tendon joins the tendon of the long digital extensor on the dorsal (cranial) aspect of the third metatarsal bone
Stringhalt

41
Q

Stringhalt

A

Involuntary flexion of the hock joint
From plant toxicity (flatweed/ false dandelion)
Bilateral sometimes

42
Q

How do you treat stringhalt

A

Severing the tendon of the lateral digital extensor in 2 spots above the hock:
1. Musculotendinous junction
2. B4 the tendon joins the tendon of the long digital extensor

43
Q

Reciprocal apparatus

A

Part 2 of PSA
Tendinous peroneus tertius forms the cranial part
Tendon of the superficial digital flexors forms the caudal part

44
Q

What does reciprocal apparatus do for the leg?

A

Holds the leg standing for long time with minimum tension on the muscles, tendons and joints
Keeps a synchronized motion between the stifle and hock joints

45
Q

If the stifle joint is flexed then the hock joint is __________

A

Flexed

46
Q

What does rupture of peroneus tertius lead to?

A

Loss in synchronized action
Ex: stifle flexed while hock is extended

47
Q

What are the two tendons of insertions for the peroneus tertius?

A

Superficial lateral branch
Dorsal branch

48
Q

What are the two tendons of insertions for the tibialis cranialis?

A

Dorsal branch that inserts on the third tarsal bone
Medial branch (cunean tendon)

49
Q

Cunean tendon

A

Medial tendon of insertion for the tibialis cranialis
Bursa under tendon

50
Q

CS of the cunean tendon/ bursa

A

Cunean bursitis
Sever tendon for bone spavin

51
Q

Bone Spavin

A

Osteoarthritis of tarsal bones 1,2,3 and central tarsal bone (seat of spavin)

52
Q

Prevalence of bone spavin

A

67% in tarsometatarsal joints
8.3% in distal intertarsal joint

53
Q

How do you treat bone spavin?

A

Cunean tenotomy to decrease stress on the joint in the dorsomedial pouch

54
Q

How do you diagnose bone spavin?

A

Flexion test during lameness exam (spavin test)
Flexing hindlimb for 2 or 3 minutes before watching the horse trott/jog

55
Q

Medial saphenous vein

A

Runs along the dorso-medial aspect of the hock joint
Must be avoided when injecting or performing arthroscopy in the hock joint

56
Q

Calcanean bursa

A

SubQ bursa under the skin that covers the calcaneus
CS: calcification = capped hock

57
Q

Communcation in the tarsal/ hock joint

A

Tarsocrual joint (largest) communicates with the proximal intertarsal joint

58
Q

How id the tarsocrual joint accessed?

A

Through the dorso-medial pouch, avoiding the large medial saphenous vein

59
Q

Bog spavin

A

Inflammation of the tarsocrural joint
Accumulation of fluid in the joint

60
Q

Thoroughpin

A

Inflammation of the tarsal sheath of the deep digital extensor over the tuber calcaneus

61
Q

Long plantar ligament

A

Distributes stress form the hock to the third metatarsal bone during extreme extension of the stifle and hock

62
Q

CS of the long plantar lig

A

Excessive pulling causes curb/ thickening of the long plantar lig
Causes lig to push away the straight superficial digital flexor tendon (making it curved)

2. Anatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions