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2. Anatomy > Ruminants GI Part 2 > Flashcards

Ruminants GI Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the omasum located?

A

Right side, 8th to 11th ribs
Between liver and abomasum
Covered by lesser omentum

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2
Q

What is the function of the omasum?

A

Pump to move ingesta from reticulum to abomasum

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3
Q

What are the other names for the omasum?

A

Manypiles or Butcher bible

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4
Q

Abomasum

A

AKA “The Rennet”
Non palpable
Glandular part of the stomach

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5
Q

What is the location of the abomasum?

A

Right, 8-12th ribs
Attached by the lesser or greater omentum
Floor of the abdomen

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6
Q

How the the superficial leaf of the omentum run?

A
  1. Left side of abomasum @ left longitudinal groove
  2. Goes right @ greater curvature
  3. @ descending duodenum it reflect to become the deep leaf
  4. Inserts on the right longitudinal of the rumen
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7
Q

What is the structure of the abomasum?

A

Spiral folds mucosa
Torus plyloricus (lump tissue)
Vela abomasica (valve like protusion)

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8
Q

Left displaced abomasal

A

Usually in dairy cows and late pregnancy (low roughage diet)
Most of the displacement cases (85-96%)
Abomasum moves left and is trapped between the rumen and left abdominal wall

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9
Q

How do you diagnose LDA?

A

Simultaneous percussion and auscultation along line between 9th and 13th ribs (left)
Pig sound @ 11th ICS

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10
Q

How do you fix LDA?

A
  1. Laprotomy/ Celiotomy on the right cutting EOA, IOA and transverse abdominis muscles
  2. Deflate abomasum
  3. Pull to og spot
  4. Pyloropexy
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11
Q

Pyloropexy

A

Suturing the pyloric part of the abomasum to the transverse abdominis muscle

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12
Q

Right Displaced Abomasal

A

Abomasum moves dorsally to middle of the abdomen
If not resolved it’ll rotate on mesenteric/ longitudinal axis –> volvulus

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13
Q

Volvulus

A

Cuts blood supply and drainage of portal vein

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14
Q

What is the order of the ruminant GI tract?

A

Rumen –> reticulum –> omasum –> abomasum –> pyloric part fo the abomasum –> sigmoid flexure of the duodenum –> descending duodenum –> caudal duodenal flexure –> ascending duodenum (with duodenal colic fold) –> jejunum (with mesenteric LN) –> ileum –> cecum (with ilio cecal fold) –> proximal loop of the ascending colon –> spiral colon (centripetal, central flexure, centrifugal) –> distal loop of the ascending colon –> transverse colon –> small colon

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15
Q

Within the duodenum, what structure is absent in small ruminants?

A

Minor papillae

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16
Q

How does the major pancreatic duct drain?

A

With the bile duct through the major papillae

17
Q

Cutaneous trunci

A

Innervated by the lateral thoracic nerve (from brachial plexus)
Located on the ventral aspect (not dorsal)
The omobrachialis m. on arm

18
Q

___________ anesthesia with animal standing

A

Regional

19
Q

What does the aponeurosis of the EAO and IAO form?

A

External lamina of the rectus sheath

20
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Internal lamina –> external lamina
Formed by the transverse abdominis

21
Q

What do the spinal nerves supply?

A

Dorsal branches: apaxial muscles
Ventral branches: abdominal muscles

22
Q

Which lumbar nerves aren’t palpable?

A

L1 and L6

23
Q

What is the difference in the lumbar nerves of dogs and ruminants?

A

Ruminants don’t have a caudal or cranial iliohypogastric nerve

24
Q

Costoabdominal nerve (T13)

A

Runs dorsal and ventral to the tip of L1
Innervates the flank

25
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)

A

Runs dorsal and ventral to the tip to L2
Innervates the flank

26
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve (L2)

A

Runs dorsal and ventral to the tip of L3 or L4
Innervates the flank

27
Q

Proximal Paravertebral nerve block

A

Farquharson or Cambridge (expert NB)
Performed in intervertebral foramen @ T13, L1 and L2
Blocks everything except the cutaneous trunci

28
Q

Distal paravertebral nerve block

A

Magda or Cornell (Regular NB)
2 injections: 1 @ dorsal tip and 1 @ ventral tip of the transverse process L1, L2, L4

29
Q

Reverse 7 block (inverted L)

A

Used for left flank laparotomy
Injected in a line along the entire length of the caudal surface of the last rib and extends caudally @ the level of the transverse processes of the vertebrae to the L4-L5 lumbar space

30
Q

Where should the reverse nerve block be placed?

A

Skin, muscle, and peritoneum

31
Q

7 Block

A

Used for right flank laparotomy
Same as reverse 7 except 7 is formed rather than reverse 7

32
Q

Liver Biopsy

A

Done on the right @ the 10th, 11th ICS
Along border from tuber coxae to olecranon

33
Q

Ruminocentesis

A

Left in a horizontal line @ the tip of patella
Caudoventral to the costochondral junction of last rib
Entering the ventral sac

2. Anatomy (14 decks)

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