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2. Anatomy > Ruminants Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Ruminants Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Where are is the location of the ovaries?

A

Caudoventral part of the abdominal cavity
Migrates just cranial to the pelvic inlet
Rectally palpable

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2
Q

What are the pouches in the female genital tract?

A
  1. Pararectal pouch
  2. Rectogenital pouch-
  3. Vesicogenital pouch
  4. Pubalvesicle pouch- between pubic bone and bladder
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3
Q

Mesocolon

A

Peritoneal fold that suspends the small colon and rectum to the body wall

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4
Q

Structure of the ovary

A

Small
Mature follicles and corpus luteum (rectally palpable)

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5
Q

Estrus cycle

A

Short- 21 days

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6
Q

Uterine tube

A

Infundibulum (moves the ovulated ova)
Ampulla- site of fertilization
Isthmus

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7
Q

Broad ligament

A

Mesovarium- ovary to wall
Mesometrium-
Mesosalpinx-
Ovarian bursa- space between metrium and salpinx

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8
Q

Intercornual Ligament

A

Fusion of the serosa and muscle fibers
Rectally palpable used to pull uterus caudally for palpating and easier manipulation

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9
Q

How is the intercornual ligament differentt in small and large ruminants

A

SR: only have ventral
LR: have dorsal and ventral creating a pocket used to pull uterus back/ pregnancy diagnostic tool

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10
Q

Uterus

A

Pseudobody
Incomplete fusion of the caudal part of the horns
Contains caruncles (maternal)

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11
Q

Endometrial caruncles

A

Convex in cow
Concave in ewe and goat

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12
Q

What forms the cotyledornary placenta (placentome)

A

Fetal cotyledons and maternal caruncles form the placentome

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13
Q

Uterine artery

A

Branch of the umbilical artery of the internal iliac
Enlarged during pregnancy, stringing vibration “fremitus or thrill”

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14
Q

How is the vibration of the uterine artery useful?

A

Evident @ 3rd month, useful when the uterus is out of reach (pregnancy diagnostic)

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15
Q

What are the origins of the uterine artery?

A

Vaginal a.: supples vag
Umbilical a.: largest @ body of uterus
Ovarian a.: comes at the level of the uterine horn, one branch from aorta

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16
Q

Cervix

A

Thick muscular wall
Lumen is closed by interlocking projections
Mucosa carries longitudinal ridges that intersects the rings

17
Q

Mucosal secretion of the cervix

A

At estrus: mucus production
At pregnancy: mucus plug (seals)

18
Q

Fornix of the vagina

A

Where cervix protrudes into the vagina @ external os (dead ends on side)
CS: obstruct cannula during AI

19
Q

What are the openings to the cervix?

A

Internal ostium- entry to uterus
External ostium: entry to vagina

20
Q

Vagina and Vestibule

A

Ratio of 3:1
A blind pouch: suburethral diverticulum (retains urine pheromone)

21
Q

CS of the suburethral diverticulum

A

During urinary catheterization, direct dorsal,t to avoid going t into diverticulum

22
Q

Mammary gland

A

4 glands divided into 2 halves
Each gland has a single teat
Individual quarters duct systems don’t communicate with each other

23
Q

What is the structure of the mammary gland?

A

Teat orifice (papillary ostium) —> teat canal (papillary duct) —> papillary sinus —>annular fold —> glands sinus —> lactiferous sinus

24
Q

Papillary and gland sinus form the ____________

A

Lactiferous sinus

25
Q

How is the teat canal closed?

A

By longitudinal mucosal folds and smooth muscle sphincter

26
Q

Suspensory apparatus of udder

A

Lateral fibrous ligaments coming from the symphysial tendon
Median elastic ligaments coming from the abdominal tunic

27
Q

Median elastic ligament of the udder

A

Separate udder into 2 halves, marked externally by inter-mammary groove

28
Q

External pudendal artery

A

Supplies mammary gland
O: pudendopigastric trunk of the deep femoral of the external iliac artery
Divided into cranial and caudal mammary arteries

29
Q

External pudendal vein

A

Major venous drainage of mammary gland
Venous ring at the base the udder drains the blood from the gland (+ milk vein)

30
Q

Milk vein (SubQ)

A

Runs along the abdomen until it penetrates wall at the “milk well” to join the internal thoracic vein
Well developed in lactating cows

31
Q

Milk vein is an anastomosis between what 2 veins?

A

Cranial and caudal superficial epigastrics

32
Q

Lymphatic drainage

A

Superficial inguinal LN located @ base of udder close to superficial inguinal ring

33
Q

Efferent lymphatic

A

Through inguinal canal
Directed caudodordally while veins are directed craniodorsally

34
Q

Sensory Innervation of the udder

A

L1 and L2 and genitfofemoral nerve
Innervates teat, skin and most glandular tissue

35
Q

Autonomic innervation to the mammary glands

A

Sympathetic nervous system from caudal mesenteric ganglion (through Genitofemoral nerve
Innervates myopitheloal cells a BVs

2. Anatomy (14 decks)

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