Piggies!

Question 1

Vertebral Column and Back

Answer 1

C7, T14-15, L 6-7, S4, Cd 20-23

Question 2

How many digits does porcine have?

Answer 2

4
2 are accessory digits because they never hit the ground

Question 3

Carpal glands

Answer 3

Cutaneous apocrine glands on the caudomedial aspect
Mark (pheromones) sows during copulation
Territorial markings

Question 4

Significant structures on the head

Answer 4

Snout (only porcine)
Rostral bone (supports the snout)
Rostral plate

Question 5

Rooting

Answer 5

Normal behavior
Rings on rostral plate stop this behavior

Question 6

Mammary glands

Answer 6

7 pairs of mammary glands (thoracic, cranial and caudal abdominal and inguinal)
Cr. abdominal drains to superficial cervical and cd. to superficial inguinal

Question 7

How is the brain protected?

Answer 7

2 bone plates so pigs cannot be reliably stunned by hammer or captive bolt (inhumane)

Question 8

What do pigs require for humane slaughter?

Answer 8

Electrocution or CO2 gas

Question 9

Pig dentition

Answer 9

I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 4/4, M 3/3

Question 10

Canines or Tusks

Answer 10

Sows: growth stops after 2 years and don’t project from mouth
Boars: Grows throughout life, must be cut

Question 11

Deciduous incisors

Answer 11

Needle teeth
Sharp and might hurt mother’s teat or littermates, ripped off

Question 12

Larynx

Answer 12

Forms an obtuse angle with trachea
CS: difficult to intubate

Question 13

What lymphatic structures are in the pig?

Answer 13

Mandibular (6 principal nodes, 4 accessory)
Parotid Center
Retropharyngeal Center (2 lateral, 1 middle)
Superficial cervcical center
Deep cervical center

Question 14

Superficial cervical center

Answer 14

Only species with 3:
Dorsal- dor to omotransversarius m.
Middle- ven. to omo
Ven- deep to brachiocephalic m.

Question 15

I/M and SubQ injections

Answer 15

@ neck caudal to the ear
CS: no glutes or back muscles!!! (valuable meat)

Question 16

Lungs

Answer 16

Left: cr. and cd.
Right: cr. cd. md. accessory

Question 17

____________________ ventilates the right cranial lobe

Answer 17

Tracheal bronchus (inflamed when they have pneumonia)

Question 18

Bronchial center (Tracheobronchial nodes)

Answer 18

Located @ the origin of the bronchi
Drains lungs, heart, pericardium
Sends lymph to cr. mediastinal LNs or directly to thoracic duct

Question 19

Thoracic duct

Answer 19

Runs from cd. to cr. between aorta and esophagus, passing trachea at its left side before joining cr. vena cava

Question 20

Where is the azygous vein located?

Answer 20

On the left

Question 21

Basal border

Answer 21

4- 12 ICS

Question 22

Line of pleural reflection

Answer 22

6-14 ICS (auscultation cranial-dorsal)

Question 23

Thoracocentesis

Answer 23

6-7th ICS on either side

Question 24

Dorsal thoracic nodes (close to aorta)

Answer 24

Drains dorsal part fo the thoracic wall and mediastinum

Question 25

Ventral thoracic nodes (sternal nodes)

Answer 25

Drains the ventral part fo the thoracic wall and first 2 or 3 pairs of mammary glands

Question 26

Cranial mediastinal nodes

Answer 26

Cranially to the base of the heart
Drains neck and mediastinal contents
Efferent open in veins and in thoracic duct

Question 27

Caudal Medastinal nodes

Answer 27

Caudally to the base of the heart- inconsistent
Drains adjacent structures
Efferent open in dorsal thoracic nodes and tracheobronchial nodes

Question 28

Duodenum papilla

Answer 28

Major duodenal papilla 3 cm from pylorus- bile duct
Minor duodenal papilla 10 cm- accessory pancreatic duct

Question 29

Where does the cardia of the stomach open into?

Answer 29

Non-glandular portion

Question 30

T/F: the cecum is on the left in the pig

Answer 30

TRUE (only animal)

Question 31

Large intestine

Answer 31

Sacculated
3 teniae on cecum
2 teniae on colon (centripetal, centrifugal, transverse and descending)

Question 32

How does the kidney drain?

Answer 32

Pyramid –> minor calices –> major calices –> renal pelvis

Question 33

Abdominal roof LNs

Answer 33

Aortic, renal, lateral and medial iliac

Question 34

Nodes associated with viscera supplied by celiac artery

Answer 34

Celiac, hepatic, gastric, splenic, pancreaticoduodenal

Question 35

Nodes associated with viscera supplied by cranial mesenteric artery

Answer 35

Jejunal, colic and ileocolic

Question 36

Pelvis

Answer 36

Ischial tuber and body of ischium unites in few pigs
Detachment due to pull of hamstring muscles

Question 37

Whey is the female urethra difficult to catheterize?

Answer 37

Presence of suburethral diverticulum

Question 38

The obstruction of the uterine tube causes _____________

Answer 38

infertility (hydrosalpinx)

Question 39

How would you describe the uterine horns?

Answer 39

Intestiniform

Question 40

Pigs have a _____________ placenta

Answer 40

Diffuse

Question 41

Scrotum position

Answer 41

Perineal
Dorsocaudally pointed tail of epididymus

Question 42

Dorsal Diverticulum

Answer 42

Collection of cell debris soaked in urine containing pheromones
Eliminated before copulation to encourage the sow to assume her position

Question 43

Castration

Answer 43

Performed 2-4 days old to facilitate safe handling, good management, and ensure carcass quality

Question 44

What causes meat to be tainted?

Answer 44

Androsterone (testicles)
Skatole (by-product of bacterial activity in gut)

Question 45

T/F: Castration of old boars in usually closed

Answer 45

FALSE, its open ;)

Question 46

Which accessory sec organs don’t pigs have?

Answer 46

Ampulla

Question 47

What drains the thighs and legs?

Answer 47

Superficial inguinal and subiliac LNs
efferents drains to medial iliac LNs

Question 48

Popliteal LNs

Answer 48

Drains structures from distal part of the limb to the medial iliac nodes and gluteal nodes