Ethics, Professional Resilience and the Law

Question 1

Define ethics

Answer 1

Branch of physiology considering question ‘what should i do’

Question 2

What does ethics assume?

Answer 2

There is a right or wrong answer

Question 3

Define an ethical dilema

Answer 3

Torn between multiple actions which equally appear right or wrong

Question 4

What causes ethical dilemas?

Answer 4

Different values and opinions

Question 5

What is the purpose of an ethical framework?

Answer 5

Maintain trust
Prevent stress or burn out
Make good ethical decisions

Question 6

List the 3 main ethical frameworks

Answer 6

Utilitarianism
Deontology
Virtue theory

Question 7

Describe the utilitarianism ethical theory

Answer 7

Weighing up cost and benefits of different actions and consequences
Usually thought of as lesser of 2 evils

Question 8

What are some of the issues of the utilitarianism ethical thoery?

Answer 8

Many issues hard to compare or hard to agree on what the benefits and harms are

Question 9

Describe the deontology ethical theory

Answer 9

Moral choice based on rules regardless of consequences, applied the same in all similar situations
Usually allows rooms for individuals rights

Question 10

What are the problems with the deontology ethical theory?

Answer 10

Too rigid to be practical in some situations and may not cause the greatest good
Rules can conflict so need to make some judgements

Question 11

What are some problems with the virtue ethical theory?

Answer 11

Hard to know what a good person is

Focus is put on the person being good so may not choose actually the best choice

Question 12

Describe the virtue ethical theory

Answer 12

A good character comes before intelligence so a good person will do the right thing and make good ethical decision

Question 13

Why are ethical frameworks useful?

Answer 13

Encourage reflection
Common framework allows discussion and justification of choices
Help choose best answer

Question 14

What cant ethical frameworks do?

Answer 14

Give an exact answer of what to do

Question 15

What are the steps of the ethical framework when answering ethical questions?

Answer 15

Define all available options
Identify stakeholders who could be affected by the choice
Apply an ethical theory
Identify advantages and disadvantages for each option and stakeholder
Consider the welfare of stakeholders
Minimise any negative impacts

Question 16

What are the stakeholders that need to be considered in vets practices when making ethical choices?

Answer 16

Animal
Owner
Vet

Question 17

What are the considerations that need to be made for animals when making ethical decisions?

Answer 17

Wellbeing- welfare
Autonomy- behavioural freedom
Fairness- respected as having intrinsic value not just instrumental value

Question 18

What are the considerations that need to be made for the owner when making ethical choices?

Answer 18

Wellbeing- pleasure from animal, guilt, physical fitness
Autonomy- freedom to decide for own animal based on informed of all options
Fairness- having access to the same treatment all are

Question 19

What are the considerations that need to be made for the vet when making ethical choices?

Answer 19

Wellbeing- profit, sense of doing harm or good
Autonomy- freedom to choose based on clinical judgement, all options available
Fairness- treated the same as all vets

Question 20

Define professional resiliance

Answer 20

Being able to cope with obstacles appropriately

Question 21

What are causes of poor mental health?

Answer 21

Gene expression
Environment- living, working and relationships
Experiences

Question 22

What are the two different brains responsible for?

Answer 22

Rational- intellectual, knows what to do

Primal- emotional, dampens down rational brain

Question 23

Define mental wellbeing

Answer 23

Physiological state at a point in time, constantly changes up and down

Question 24

What percentages determines mental wellbeing?

Answer 24

40%- actions
10%- circumstances
50%- genetically determined

Question 25

What are the benefits to good mental wellbeing?

Answer 25

``` Good self esteem Feeling and expressing range of emotions Good relationships Being engaged Live and work productively Cope with stress and change Optimal performance ```

Question 26

What is meant by the wellbeing spectrum?

Answer 26

Range of emotions that you are at at any one time, from stress and anxiety to confidence

Question 27

What are two approaches to wellbeing?

Answer 27

GREAT | DREAM

Question 28

Describe the GREAT approach to wellbeing

Answer 28

Giving to others- life more meaningful Relating to others- relationships give sense of belonging Exercising, caring for body- feel better about self Awareness- live in the moment and mindfully Trying new things- learning, cause hope and excitement

Question 29

Describe the DREAM approach to wellbeing

Answer 29

``` Direction- goals and focus Resilience- responding well to challenges Emotions- thinking positively Acceptance- comfortable with life Meaning- passions and purpose ```

Question 30

Define registered veterinary nurse

Answer 30

Person whose name is entered in the list of veterinary nurses maintained by the RCVS

Question 31

What needs to be considered when vets delegate to nurses?

Answer 31

Nature of procedure Animal concerned Qualifications of person being delegated to

Question 32

What does schedule 3 of the veterinary surgeons act state about performing procedures?

Answer 32

Only RVNs and SVNs have the privilege to perform certain procedures as delegated by veterinary surgeon employed in the same practice

Question 33

Explain the term direction in regards to schedule 3

Answer 33

Vet surgeon instructs person as to the activity but isn't necessarily present

Question 34

Explain supervision in terms of schedule 3

Answer 34

Vet surgeon is present on premises and able to assist as required

Question 35

What is meant by direct and continuous supervision in terms of schedule 3?

Answer 35

Vet surgeon is present and giving RVN supervision

Question 36

Define medical treatment

Answer 36

Carried out as a consequence of diagnosis requiring intervention

Question 37

Define SVN

Answer 37

Person enrolled under by-laws made by RCVS council for the purpose of undergoing training as a VN at an approved training and assessment centre or veterinary practice approved by such centre

Question 38

What is the requirement to be classed as an SVN?

Answer 38

Actively training Enrolled with RCVS Enrolled with centre or university Enrolled in training practice

Question 39

What roles can and cant unqualified staff do?

Answer 39

Can be delegated procedures when reasonable, doesnt cause risk and owner would be able to do the procedure Cant call them self vet nurse or carry out any treatments

Question 40

What roles can vet nurses carry out provided the vet has delegated them?

Answer 40

Vaccinate after a vets clinical exam Induce anaesthesia under supervision, maintenance is vets responsibility but vet nurse acts as hands Dental hygiene, only extraction when can be pulled out by hand Minor surgery when doesn't enter body cavity, not castrations

Question 41

What are the 5 underpinning values of the RCVS code of conduct?

Answer 41

``` Professional competence Honesty and integrity Independence and impartiality Client confidentiality Trust and professional accountability ```

Question 42

What are VNs responsibilities to animals?

Answer 42

``` Health and welfare first Keep within competence Provide appropriate and adequate care Responsible use of medication Maintain clinical governence ```

Question 43

Define clinical governance

Answer 43

Consideration of animal safety, client experience and effective care

Question 44

What are VNs responsibilities to clients?

Answer 44

``` Open and honest Impartial Provide appropriate information Keep clear records Confidentiality Respond to complaints ```

Question 45

What are VNs responsibilities to the profession?

Answer 45

Address health and performance that could effect fitness to practice Dont hold out expertise you dont have

Question 46

What are the responsibilities of VNs to the veterinary team?

Answer 46

Work together to coordinate animal care Delegate tasks to those with competence and registration Complying with code and law Maintain standards

Question 47

What are the responsibilities of VNs to RCVS?

Answer 47

Be registered Comply with documentation and requests as part of regulation Report VNs removed from register who keep undergoing schedule 3 tasks

Question 48

What are VNs responsibilities to public?

Answer 48

``` Public health Animal health, welfare and environment Report facts honestly with care Advertise professionally Comply with legislation ```

Question 49

What are types of complaints given?

Answer 49

``` Criminal convictions Consent Communication Treatment Clinical record keeping ```

Question 50

What is the complaints procedure?

Answer 50

``` Complaint received- 10% not progresses Assessment- 30% cases closed Case examination- 40% cases closed Preliminary investigation- 18% cases closed Disciplinary committee ```

Question 51

Define professionalism

Answer 51

Having competence or skill expected of a profession

Question 52

What are the 5 welfare needs of animals?

Answer 52

``` Suitable environment Suitable diet Able to exhibit normal behaviour House with or without other animals Protected from pain, suffering, injury and disease ```

Question 53

Explain the animal welfare act 2006

Answer 53

People must take steps to care for animals and provide 5 welfare needs Allows inspectors and enforcers to advise and educate to prevent suffering, but can take further action by warning or prosecution

Question 54

What are the key points of the control of dogs order 1992?

Answer 54

Dog must wear collar and tag in public Tag must have owners name and address and phone number advised If doesn't have a tag may be seized and treated as a stray

Question 55

When did the law to have your dog microchipped come in?

Answer 55

2016

Question 56

What is the purpose of the dangerous dogs act 1991?

Answer 56

Regulate and prohibit ownership of certain breeds and dog types that are more likely to cause injury and death It is illegal to sell, own, abandon, give away or breed these dogs without exemption

Question 57

What are the dogs under control of the dangerous dogs act?

Answer 57

Pitbull terrier Japanese tosa Dogo argentino Fila brasiliero

Question 58

What are the requirements of exempt dogs under the dangerous dogs act?

Answer 58

``` Neutured Tattooed with ID number Insured Microchipped Kept secrure Registered on the index Kept under contol ```

Question 59

What makes a dog classed as a dangerous dog?

Answer 59

Cause injury or believe they could cause injury

Question 60

What does the highway code rule 58 state about travelling with dogs in cars?

Answer 60

Make sure dogs are suitably restrained so wont distract you or injure you or themselves if you stop quickly

Question 61

What is the consequence of not following rule 58 of the highway code?

Answer 61

Could be charged with dangerous driving