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Patient observation Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

When should your initial patient observation take place?

A

When client enters the practice before you make any approach to the animal

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2
Q

What is the purpose of admission questionaires?

A

Allow owners to tell you what is normal behaviour and routine

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3
Q

What are the 4 stages of patient assessment?

A

Subjective assessment
Objective assessment
Assessment
Planning

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4
Q

What is a subjective assessment?

A

Initial thoughts recorded on how patient is

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5
Q

What are signs of stress in dogs and cats?

A

Dogs- panting, tucked tail, shaking

Cats- pacing, hissing, vomiting

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6
Q

What order should you carry out the objective assessment?

A 
Head
Upper respiratory tract/nose
Oral cavity
Mucus membranes
Eyes
Ears
Skin and hair
Forelimbs
Thorax
Abdomen
Pelvis and hind limbs
Tail
Anus and perineum
Reproductive organs
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7
Q

What should you observe in terms of head assessment?

A

Posture and carrying position- should be upright and no tilt
Musculature- should have symmetry, palpate and look
General appearance
Lymph nodes- palpate in neck for enlargement

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8
Q

What should you observe for upper respiratory tract?

A

Discharge- should be none, if present not colour and consistency
Moisture- should be moist
Adequate air flow- in cats and rabbits mouth breathing shows severe respiratory distress
Respiratory noise- should be none

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9
Q

Define stertor

A

Noise on expiration

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10
Q

Define stridor

A

Noise on inspiration

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11
Q

What should you observe in the oral cavity?

A

Outside and inside the mouth
Jaw movement and alignment
Tongue- check for any marks, cuts or ulcers
Teeth- any missing, wear, gum disease, plaque, smell
Hard and soft palettes- any abnormalities, wounds
Skin and hair around mouth- excess salivation

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12
Q

What should you observe with mucus membranes?

A

Moisture- should be moist when hydrated
Colour- should be pink
CRT- should be less than 2 seconds

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13
Q

What are possible causes of pale MMs?

A

Poor perfusion
Haemorrhage
Anaemia

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14
Q

What are possible causes of red MMs?

A

Sepsis
Fever
Congested tissues

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15
Q

What are possible causes of blue/hypoxic MMs?

A

Hypoxaemia

Respiratory issues

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16
Q

What are possible causes of yellow MMs?

A

Liver disease
RBC destruction
Bile issues

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17
Q

What needs to be observed for eyes?

A

Openness
Compare both eyes for size, protrusion etc
Discharge- should be none, not colour and consistency
Eyelids- third eyelid coming across, upper or lower eyelid rotation
Pupils- general assessment, light reflex, pupil size, ulcers, scratches
Sclera colour

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18
Q

Define blepharospasm

A

Squinting eyes

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19
Q

Define entropion

A

Internal rotation of eyelid margin

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20
Q

Define ectropion

A

External rotation of eyelid margin

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21
Q

Define anicosia

A

Unequal pupil size

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22
Q

What should you observe in the ears?

A

Ear pinnae- check for aural haematoma, injuries

Ear canal- should be no discharge, smell, foreign bodies, or inflammation

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23
Q

What should you observe for skin and hair?

A

Coat- condition- should be shiny, check for alopecia and thickness
Skin condition- should be no redness, flaking or wounds, check colour, elasticity
Ectoparasites- should be no fleas or ticks

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24
Q

What should you observe for forelimbs?

Study These Flashcards
A

Movement, gait and range of motion- flex and extend for pain or crepitus
Muscles- any wastage
Proprioception- can limbs be replaced
Visuals- lumps, changes or injuries, symmetry

25
Define crepitus
Bone crunching
26
What should you observe for thorax?
Respiratory rate and effort- auscultate chest | Vertebrae, sternum and ribs- palpate and looks, observe weight score
27
What should you observe for the abodomen?
Visual and palpate- check for lumps, foreign bodies, injuries, check internal organs Posture
28
What should you observe for pelvis and hind limbs?
Movement, gait and range of motion- observe and flex and extend Visual check of bones and musculature Proprioception Femoral pulse- circulation status
29
What should you observe for the tail?
Palpate length and check for movement- normal and voluntary , observe any pain or damage
30
What should you observe for anus and perineum?
Soiling, discharge or anal gland problems Masses, prolapse or perineal ruptures Temperature
31
What should you observe for reproductive organs?
Check sex Males- 2 descending testicles, no penis injury or discharge Females- no vulval discharge or swelling
32
What are further parameters which should be assessed in pateints?
``` Urination Water intake Vomiting Defecation Appetite Coughing Pain ```
33
How should you assess urination status?
Appearence- colour, blood present, darkness, cloudiness, sediments Smell Volume- 1-2ml/kg/hr, should be passed easily
34
Define anuira
Absence of urine
35
Define dysuria
Painful urination
36
Define haematuria
Blood in urine
37
Define polyuria
Frequent large urine volumes passed
38
Define oliguria
Reduce urine production
39
What should you observe for vomiting?
``` Colour Consistency Contents Frequency Volume ```
40
What are signs of vomiting?
Retching Hyperventilation Lipsmacking
41
Define haematemesis
Blood in vomit
42
Define stercoaceous
Vomiting faecal matter
43
Define regurgitation
Bringing up swallowed food into the mouth
44
What should you observe for water intake and what effects volume needed?
Volume taken in | Factors that effect water intake- diabetes, exercise, food types
45
Define polydipsia and what are signs?
Excessive thirst | Signs- dry mouth, loss of skin elasticity, drinking over maintainance
46
What causes changes to appetite?
Stress Illness Exercise Food
47
Define inappetence
Lack of appetite
48
Define dysphagia
Swallowing difficulty
49
Define pica
Eating non food items compulsively
50
Define anorexia
Not eating
51
Define coprophagia
Eating faeces
52
What should be observed when patient is coughing?
Nature- dry, harsh, moist, discharge | If infectious or respiratory/CV problem
53
What are signs of pain?
``` Reluctance to move Changed posture Restlessness Anxiety Altered mental state Aggression Guarding Inappetence ```
54
What should you observe for defecation?
Colour Smell Shape Consistency
55
Define constipation
Hard and dry stool
56
Define tenesmus
Straining to defecate
57
Define melaena
Fresh blood in faeces
58
Define haematochezia
Dark faeces containing partially digested blood

PPPVN (14 decks)

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