F: muscles functions & movement Flashcards
0
Q
Shoulder extensors
A
Long head of tricep,
posterior deltoid,
latissimus dorsal,
Teres major
1
Q
Shoulder flexors
A
Biceps brachii, anterior deltoid, pectorialis major
2
Q
Shoulder abduction
A
Middle deltoid, supraspinatus
3
Q
Shoulder adduction
A
Teres major, pectorialis major, latissimus dorsal
4
Q
Shoulder medial rotation
A
Anterior deltoid, pectorialis major, latissimus dorsal, teres major, subcapularis
5
Q
Shoulder lateral rotators
A
Infraspinatus, anterior deltoid, teres minor,
6
Q
Hip extensor
A
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings(biceps femoris,
7
Q
hip flexors
A
rectos femoris, sartorius
8
Q
hip adduction
A
adductor brevis, magnum, longus
gracilis
9
Q
hib abduction
A
glutei medius, minimus
10
Q
hip medial rotators
A
glutei medius, minimus
11
Q
hip lateral rotators
A
glutei maximus, piriformis, obturator internus, quadratus femoris
12
Q
elbow flexors
A
biceps brachii,
brachialis
13
Q
elbow extensors
A
Triceps brachii
14
Q
functions of gluteus maximus?
A
hip extensor
hip lateral rotators
15
Q
extensors of the shoulder must cross the joint on which aspect?
A
posterior
16
Q
the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow restricts which movement of the elbow?
A
abduction
17
Q
which movements are normally performed at the wrist joint?
A
flexion/extension
adduction/abduction
18
Q
which of these muscles medially rotates the shoulder?
A
pectorialis major anterior deltoid subscapularis latissimus dorsi teres major
19
Q
which of these muscles supinates the forearm?
A
supinator
biceps brachii
20
Q
where does eversion/inversion occur?
A
subtalar joint
ankle joint has NO movement in coronal plane
21
Q
which movements are normally performed at the ankle joint?
A
dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
**only movement that occurs here
22
Q
which muscles flex the knee? **
A
biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosis sartorius gracilis
23
Q
the 3 lateral ligaments of the ankle ALL attach to which bone?
A
fibula
- none attach to tibia, 2 attach to calcaneus and 1 to the talus
24
which of these bones is a tarsal bone?
cuboid
| navicular
25
where are carpels located?
hand
26
which muscle laterally rotates hip?
piriformis
| gluteus maximus
27
on the humerus how do you tell the medial side from the lateral?
the olecranon fossa
28
what area of the femur does the patella attach to?
trochlea
29
what aspect of the elbow joint stops adduction?
radial collateral ligaments
30
what aspect of the elbow joint stops aBduction?
ulnar collateral ligament
31
describe the positioning of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments:
anterior cruciate crosses through the joint
| posterior is simply at the back of the tibia - intercondylar notch
32
what are the flexors of the knee?
hamstrings: biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranous
sartorius and gracilis also help
33
the extensors of the knee?
rectus femoris
vasta lateralis
vasta medialis
vasta intermedius
34
what are the medial rotators of the knee?
sartorius, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, popliteus
35
lateral rotators of the knee?
biceps femoris
36
forearm supinators:
supinator, biceps brachii
37
forearm pronators?
pronator teres, pronator quadratus
38
describe the location of pronator teres?
near elbow joint - medial epicondyle
39
describe the location of pronator quadratus:
squarish looking muscle near the wrist
| works with pronator teres to pronate wrist
40
what are the functions of pectoralis major?
medial rotation of shoulder
adduction of shoulder
flexion of shoulder
41
what is the functions of latissimus dorsi?
Medial rotation of shoulder
extension of shoulder
adduction of shoulder
42
what common features do pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi share?
both pass directly from trunk to the humerus
| bypass scapula
43
what is special about the deltoid and gluteus maximus muscle?
can move their respective joints in opposite directions in the same plane
deltoid - flex and extend the shoulder
gluteus medius - medial and lateral rotation
BOTH wrap around shoulder/hip joint to act in both directions in the same plane
44
how do you remember the bones of the hand?
SLTPTTCH
| Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
45
what are the medial ligaments of the ankle?
```
the deltoid!
3 parts(do not need to know)
anterior tibiotular
posterior tibiotular
tibiocalcaneal
```
46
what is referred to as the "common flexor" tendon?
medial epicondyle of the humerus
| common origin of the flexors of the forearm
47
wrist flexors?
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitalis superficialis
flexor digitalis profundus
48
wrist extensors:
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor carpi digitorum
49
wrist radial deviators
flexor carpi radialis
| extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis
50
wrist ulnar deviators
flexor carpi ulnaris
| extensor carpi ulnaris
51
ankle plantarflexors:
gastrocnemius
| soleus
52
ankle dorsiflexors:
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
53
what produces the movement of pronation?
pronator quadratus
| pronator teres
54
what produces the movement of supination?
supinator
| biceps brachii
55
where are each of the pronators located?
pronator teres = proximal, crosses elbow joint, has superficial & deep head
pronator quadratus = distal, looks kinda like a square on a slant haha
56
knee flexors:
hamstrings: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
sartorius
gracilis
57
knee extensors:
Quadriceps: rectus femoris, vasta medialis, intermedius, lateralis
58
what are the 4 parts of quadriceps:
rectus femoris
vasta medius
vasta intermedialis
vasta lateralis
59
knee medial rotators:
medial parts of the hamstrings:
semitendinosus, semimembranosus
sartorius
popliteus
60
describe the popliteus:
back of the tibia
| maintenance of posture "locks the knee"
61
knee lateral rotators
lateral part of hamstring:
| biceps femoris
62
what is the location of the supinator?
lateral, near elbow joint, wraps around the radius
63
function of clavicle?
- assists shoulder movement
| - transmits force
64
ratio of movement between scapula and humerus?
the scapular moves 1 degree for every 2 degrees of humerus movement
65
what nerve can be damaged with the dislocation of the shoulder?
axillary nerve
66
what movement happens in the sagittal plane?
separates into left/right
| so extension and flexion
67
what movement happens in the transverse plane?
separates into upper and lower
| so medial and lateral rotation
68
what movement happens in the coronal plane?
separates into posterior and anterior
| so aBduction and aDduction
69
what is a foramen?
hole in bone
70
what 3 ligaments reenforce the hip-femor joint:
1. illiofem (illium to femor)
2. pubofem (pubis to femor)
3. ischiofem(back)
71
what holds onto the head of the femor?
acetabulum - concavity
72
what are deep fascia?
they are fibrous stocking of collagenous tissue covering joints,
73
what separates muscle groups, eg. in the leg?
fascia cruris - which encricle the muscles
74
differences between muscles of the hamstrings:
biceps femoris = most lateral, attaches to fibular, crosses hip
semitendinosus, semimembranosus = attaches to tibia, does NOT cross hip
75
why can we not move tibia to RIGHT?
tibia is medial to fibula
| aBduction and aDduction is not possible due to compression between condyles, and "gapping" between other condyles
76
define sublaxation:
"bone on bone"
77
why don't we have aB and aDduction of the knee?
medial & lateral collateral ligaments
structure of bone joint hint the movement is not possible/wanted
78
what is the position of the cruciate ligaments?
between the condyles of the femor (femural inter-condyle notch)
anterior ligament crosses through joint
posterior ligament at the back of tibia - intercondyle notch.. does NOT cross through joint
79
what helps to decrease pressure in the knee joint?
meniscus
which is 2 "C" shaped triangular bits of fibrocartilage
gaps between the 2 for the cruciate ligaments
this increases area and decreases pressure of the joint
80
what are the 3 heads of the triceps?
long
lateral
medial
81
what are the bones of the foot from back to front?
```
calcaneus
talus
navicular
cuboid
cuneiform(medial, intermediate, lateral)
```
82
what ligament comes of the gastrocnemius? and what does it join to?
the aponeurosis ligament attaches to the achilles tendon
83
what are the calf muscles?
gastrocnemius
| and under that is the soleus muscle
84
which one of the carpals can you feel if you poke through the snuff box?
scaphoid
| - radial artery
85
What does the carpal tunnel consist of?
10 TENdons & a nerve
- 4 x tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
- 4 X tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- flexor carpi radialis
- NERVE = median nerve
86
what is the function of the lumbrical muscle?
allows flexion of MCP joints WHILST keeping PIP & DIP joints extended
-> this movement is also helped by the interosseous muscle
87
what is the fascia lata?
stocking of deep fascia encircling the thigh muscles
88
as well as encircling the thigh muscles what else does the fascia lata do?
sends 2 vertical sheets of fascia inwards to femur that come to separate muscles
Medial & Lateral intermuscular septa
89
what muscle represents the merger of the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh muscles?
adductor magnus
| as it has an adductor part(medial) and hamstring part(posterior)
90
why is there not intermuscular septum between the medial and posterior compartments in the thigh?
singularly due to the muscle adductor magnus, which has both an adductor part(innervated by obtrurator nerve - MEDIAL) and a hamstring part(innervated by tibial nerve - POSTERIOR)
91
what joins the tibia and fibula? what is it?
interosseous membrane
| it is a sheet of fascia
92
where do nerves that supply the lower limb emerge/come from?
2 plexuses
- Lumbar
- Sacral
93
where do nerves that supply the upper limb emerge/come from?
brachial plexus
94
what are the peripheral nerves of the Lumbar plexus?
- femoral (ANTERIOR compartment)
| - obturator (MEDIAL compartment)
95
what are the peripheral nerves of the Sacral plexus?
- tibial (POSTERIOR compartment)
- common fibular
- deep fibular
- superficial fibular
96
what does the clavicle attach onto?
acromion(back of scapula) - flat side
| sternum
97
what ligaments attach clavical to scapula?
acromioclavicular ligament
attaches from end of clavicle to acromium
coracoclavicular ligaments = conoid + trapizoid ligament
attach to conoid tubercle
98
what ligaments are involved in injury to acromioclavicular joint(broken collarbone)?
acromioclavicular ligament
coraco acromial
coraco clavicular
99
what ligament joins the acromium and the coracoid process?
coracoacromial ligament
100
what does the trapezius do?
should shrug
101
whats the weird muscle that spiders around the ribs on the anterior lateral sides?
serratus anterior
102
what is the action of serratus anterior?
protraction of the scapula
103
state the insertion points of the following muscles:
teres major = medial lip
latissimus dorsi = intertubercular groove
pec major = lateral lip
104
if someone suffers from serratus anterior paralysis what is a likely symptom?
winged scapula
105
what are the attachment sites of the glenohumeral joint capsule?
attached to glenoidal labrum and anatomical neck of the humerus
106
what would be the result of adhesive capsulitis?
unable to raise hand
| 'frozen shoulder'
107
what joints are part of the elbow joint?
1. humeroulnar joint > act
2. humeroradial joint > together = HINGE joint
3. proximal radioulnar joint > works with distal radioulnar joint to pronate and supinate
108
describe the land marks between the epicondyles of the distal humerus:
radial fossa coronoid fossa
capitulum trochlea
olecranon fossa posteriorly
109
describe annular ligament:
wraps around proximal radial head
| stops pulling of elbow - dislocation of radial head common in <5 years old
110
differentiate between long and short hear of the biceps:
long head is lateral and attaches to supraglendoid cavity(passes through intercondyle notch under the capsular ligament
short head is medial and attaches to the coracoid process
BOTH attach back down at the radial tuberosity
111
differentiate between heads of the triceps:
all attach to the olecranon of ulna but have different proximal attachment sites
long: infraglenoid tuberosity - CROSSES SHOULDER(extension)
lateral: posterior surface of humerus
medial: posterior surface of humerus - UNDER long head
112
WTF IS THE CUBITAL FOSSA
>?????
113
boundaries of the cubital fossa?
brachioradialis
| pronator teres
114
contents of the carpel tunnel and what covers it?
```
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor carpi radialis
median nerve
flexor pollicis longus
```
115
where are the medial and lateral malleolus located?
tibia
