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From Flashcardlet > F: muscles functions & movement > Flashcards

F: muscles functions & movement Flashcards

0
Q

Shoulder extensors

A

Long head of tricep,
posterior deltoid,
latissimus dorsal,
Teres major

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1
Q

Shoulder flexors

A

Biceps brachii, anterior deltoid, pectorialis major

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2
Q

Shoulder abduction

A

Middle deltoid, supraspinatus

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3
Q

Shoulder adduction

A

Teres major, pectorialis major, latissimus dorsal

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4
Q

Shoulder medial rotation

A

Anterior deltoid, pectorialis major, latissimus dorsal, teres major, subcapularis

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5
Q

Shoulder lateral rotators

A

Infraspinatus, anterior deltoid, teres minor,

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6
Q

Hip extensor

A

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings(biceps femoris,

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7
Q

hip flexors

A

rectos femoris, sartorius

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8
Q

hip adduction

A

adductor brevis, magnum, longus

gracilis

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9
Q

hib abduction

A

glutei medius, minimus

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10
Q

hip medial rotators

A

glutei medius, minimus

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11
Q

hip lateral rotators

A

glutei maximus, piriformis, obturator internus, quadratus femoris

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12
Q

elbow flexors

A

biceps brachii,

brachialis

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13
Q

elbow extensors

A

Triceps brachii

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14
Q

functions of gluteus maximus?

A

hip extensor

hip lateral rotators

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15
Q

extensors of the shoulder must cross the joint on which aspect?

A

posterior

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16
Q

the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow restricts which movement of the elbow?

A

abduction

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17
Q

which movements are normally performed at the wrist joint?

A

flexion/extension

adduction/abduction

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18
Q

which of these muscles medially rotates the shoulder?

A 
pectorialis major
anterior deltoid
subscapularis 
latissimus dorsi
teres major
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19
Q

which of these muscles supinates the forearm?

A

supinator

biceps brachii

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20
Q

where does eversion/inversion occur?

A

subtalar joint

ankle joint has NO movement in coronal plane

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21
Q

which movements are normally performed at the ankle joint?

A

dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

**only movement that occurs here

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22
Q

which muscles flex the knee? **

A 
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosis 
sartorius 
gracilis
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23
Q

the 3 lateral ligaments of the ankle ALL attach to which bone?

A

fibula

  • none attach to tibia, 2 attach to calcaneus and 1 to the talus
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24
Q

which of these bones is a tarsal bone?

A

cuboid

navicular

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25
Q

where are carpels located?

A

hand

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26
Q

which muscle laterally rotates hip?

A

piriformis

gluteus maximus

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27
Q

on the humerus how do you tell the medial side from the lateral?

A

the olecranon fossa

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28
Q

what area of the femur does the patella attach to?

A

trochlea

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29
Q

what aspect of the elbow joint stops adduction?

A

radial collateral ligaments

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30
Q

what aspect of the elbow joint stops aBduction?

A

ulnar collateral ligament

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31
Q

describe the positioning of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments:

A

anterior cruciate crosses through the joint

posterior is simply at the back of the tibia - intercondylar notch

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32
Q

what are the flexors of the knee?

A

hamstrings: biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranous

sartorius and gracilis also help

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33
Q

the extensors of the knee?

A

rectus femoris
vasta lateralis
vasta medialis
vasta intermedius

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34
Q

what are the medial rotators of the knee?

A

sartorius, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, popliteus

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35
Q

lateral rotators of the knee?

A

biceps femoris

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36
Q

forearm supinators:

A

supinator, biceps brachii

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37
Q

forearm pronators?

A

pronator teres, pronator quadratus

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38
Q

describe the location of pronator teres?

A

near elbow joint - medial epicondyle

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39
Q

describe the location of pronator quadratus:

A

squarish looking muscle near the wrist

works with pronator teres to pronate wrist

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40
Q

what are the functions of pectoralis major?

A

medial rotation of shoulder
adduction of shoulder
flexion of shoulder

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41
Q

what is the functions of latissimus dorsi?

A

Medial rotation of shoulder
extension of shoulder
adduction of shoulder

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42
Q

what common features do pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi share?

A

both pass directly from trunk to the humerus

bypass scapula

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43
Q

what is special about the deltoid and gluteus maximus muscle?

A

can move their respective joints in opposite directions in the same plane
deltoid - flex and extend the shoulder
gluteus medius - medial and lateral rotation
BOTH wrap around shoulder/hip joint to act in both directions in the same plane

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44
Q

how do you remember the bones of the hand?

A

SLTPTTCH

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

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45
Q

what are the medial ligaments of the ankle?

A 
the deltoid!
3 parts(do not need to know)
anterior tibiotular
posterior tibiotular
tibiocalcaneal
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46
Q

what is referred to as the “common flexor” tendon?

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

common origin of the flexors of the forearm

47
Q

wrist flexors?

A

flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitalis superficialis
flexor digitalis profundus

48
Q

wrist extensors:

A

extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor carpi digitorum

49
Q

wrist radial deviators

A

flexor carpi radialis

extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis

50
Q

wrist ulnar deviators

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

extensor carpi ulnaris

51
Q

ankle plantarflexors:

A

gastrocnemius

soleus

52
Q

ankle dorsiflexors:

A

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus

53
Q

what produces the movement of pronation?

A

pronator quadratus

pronator teres

54
Q

what produces the movement of supination?

A

supinator

biceps brachii

55
Q

where are each of the pronators located?

A

pronator teres = proximal, crosses elbow joint, has superficial & deep head
pronator quadratus = distal, looks kinda like a square on a slant haha

56
Q

knee flexors:

A

hamstrings: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
sartorius
gracilis

57
Q

knee extensors:

A

Quadriceps: rectus femoris, vasta medialis, intermedius, lateralis

58
Q

what are the 4 parts of quadriceps:

A

rectus femoris
vasta medius
vasta intermedialis
vasta lateralis

59
Q

knee medial rotators:

A

medial parts of the hamstrings:
semitendinosus, semimembranosus
sartorius
popliteus

60
Q

describe the popliteus:

A

back of the tibia

maintenance of posture “locks the knee”

61
Q

knee lateral rotators

A

lateral part of hamstring:

biceps femoris

62
Q

what is the location of the supinator?

A

lateral, near elbow joint, wraps around the radius

63
Q

function of clavicle?

A
  • assists shoulder movement

- transmits force

64
Q

ratio of movement between scapula and humerus?

A

the scapular moves 1 degree for every 2 degrees of humerus movement

65
Q

what nerve can be damaged with the dislocation of the shoulder?

A

axillary nerve

66
Q

what movement happens in the sagittal plane?

A

separates into left/right

so extension and flexion

67
Q

what movement happens in the transverse plane?

A

separates into upper and lower

so medial and lateral rotation

68
Q

what movement happens in the coronal plane?

A

separates into posterior and anterior

so aBduction and aDduction

69
Q

what is a foramen?

A

hole in bone

70
Q

what 3 ligaments reenforce the hip-femor joint:

A
  1. illiofem (illium to femor)
  2. pubofem (pubis to femor)
  3. ischiofem(back)
71
Q

what holds onto the head of the femor?

A

acetabulum - concavity

72
Q

what are deep fascia?

A

they are fibrous stocking of collagenous tissue covering joints,

73
Q

what separates muscle groups, eg. in the leg?

A

fascia cruris - which encricle the muscles

74
Q

differences between muscles of the hamstrings:

A

biceps femoris = most lateral, attaches to fibular, crosses hip
semitendinosus, semimembranosus = attaches to tibia, does NOT cross hip

75
Q

why can we not move tibia to RIGHT?

A

tibia is medial to fibula

aBduction and aDduction is not possible due to compression between condyles, and “gapping” between other condyles

76
Q

define sublaxation:

A

“bone on bone”

77
Q

why don’t we have aB and aDduction of the knee?

A

medial & lateral collateral ligaments

structure of bone joint hint the movement is not possible/wanted

78
Q

what is the position of the cruciate ligaments?

A

between the condyles of the femor (femural inter-condyle notch)
anterior ligament crosses through joint
posterior ligament at the back of tibia - intercondyle notch.. does NOT cross through joint

79
Q

what helps to decrease pressure in the knee joint?

A

meniscus
which is 2 “C” shaped triangular bits of fibrocartilage
gaps between the 2 for the cruciate ligaments

this increases area and decreases pressure of the joint

80
Q

what are the 3 heads of the triceps?

A

long
lateral
medial

81
Q

what are the bones of the foot from back to front?

A 
calcaneus 
talus
navicular 
cuboid 
cuneiform(medial, intermediate, lateral)
82
Q

what ligament comes of the gastrocnemius? and what does it join to?

A

the aponeurosis ligament attaches to the achilles tendon

83
Q

what are the calf muscles?

A

gastrocnemius

and under that is the soleus muscle

84
Q

which one of the carpals can you feel if you poke through the snuff box?

A

scaphoid

- radial artery

85
Q

What does the carpal tunnel consist of?

A

10 TENdons & a nerve

  • 4 x tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
  • 4 X tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • NERVE = median nerve
86
Q

what is the function of the lumbrical muscle?

A

allows flexion of MCP joints WHILST keeping PIP & DIP joints extended

-> this movement is also helped by the interosseous muscle

87
Q

what is the fascia lata?

A

stocking of deep fascia encircling the thigh muscles

88
Q

as well as encircling the thigh muscles what else does the fascia lata do?

A

sends 2 vertical sheets of fascia inwards to femur that come to separate muscles
Medial & Lateral intermuscular septa

89
Q

what muscle represents the merger of the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh muscles?

A

adductor magnus

as it has an adductor part(medial) and hamstring part(posterior)

90
Q

why is there not intermuscular septum between the medial and posterior compartments in the thigh?

A

singularly due to the muscle adductor magnus, which has both an adductor part(innervated by obtrurator nerve - MEDIAL) and a hamstring part(innervated by tibial nerve - POSTERIOR)

91
Q

what joins the tibia and fibula? what is it?

A

interosseous membrane

it is a sheet of fascia

92
Q

where do nerves that supply the lower limb emerge/come from?

A

2 plexuses

  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
93
Q

where do nerves that supply the upper limb emerge/come from?

A

brachial plexus

94
Q

what are the peripheral nerves of the Lumbar plexus?

A
  • femoral (ANTERIOR compartment)

- obturator (MEDIAL compartment)

95
Q

what are the peripheral nerves of the Sacral plexus?

A
  • tibial (POSTERIOR compartment)
  • common fibular
  • deep fibular
  • superficial fibular
96
Q

what does the clavicle attach onto?

A

acromion(back of scapula) - flat side

sternum

97
Q

what ligaments attach clavical to scapula?

A

acromioclavicular ligament
attaches from end of clavicle to acromium

coracoclavicular ligaments = conoid + trapizoid ligament
attach to conoid tubercle

98
Q

what ligaments are involved in injury to acromioclavicular joint(broken collarbone)?

A

acromioclavicular ligament
coraco acromial
coraco clavicular

99
Q

what ligament joins the acromium and the coracoid process?

A

coracoacromial ligament

100
Q

what does the trapezius do?

A

should shrug

101
Q

whats the weird muscle that spiders around the ribs on the anterior lateral sides?

A

serratus anterior

102
Q

what is the action of serratus anterior?

A

protraction of the scapula

103
Q

state the insertion points of the following muscles:

A

teres major = medial lip
latissimus dorsi = intertubercular groove
pec major = lateral lip

104
Q

if someone suffers from serratus anterior paralysis what is a likely symptom?

A

winged scapula

105
Q

what are the attachment sites of the glenohumeral joint capsule?

A

attached to glenoidal labrum and anatomical neck of the humerus

106
Q

what would be the result of adhesive capsulitis?

A

unable to raise hand

‘frozen shoulder’

107
Q

what joints are part of the elbow joint?

A
  1. humeroulnar joint > act
  2. humeroradial joint > together = HINGE joint
  3. proximal radioulnar joint > works with distal radioulnar joint to pronate and supinate
108
Q

describe the land marks between the epicondyles of the distal humerus:

A

radial fossa coronoid fossa
capitulum trochlea

olecranon fossa posteriorly

109
Q

describe annular ligament:

A

wraps around proximal radial head

stops pulling of elbow - dislocation of radial head common in <5 years old

110
Q

differentiate between long and short hear of the biceps:

A

long head is lateral and attaches to supraglendoid cavity(passes through intercondyle notch under the capsular ligament

short head is medial and attaches to the coracoid process

BOTH attach back down at the radial tuberosity

111
Q

differentiate between heads of the triceps:

A

all attach to the olecranon of ulna but have different proximal attachment sites

long: infraglenoid tuberosity - CROSSES SHOULDER(extension)
lateral: posterior surface of humerus
medial: posterior surface of humerus - UNDER long head

112
Q

WTF IS THE CUBITAL FOSSA

A

> ?????

113
Q

boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A

brachioradialis

pronator teres

114
Q

contents of the carpel tunnel and what covers it?

A 
flexor digitorum superficialis 
flexor digitorum profundus 
flexor carpi radialis 
median nerve
flexor pollicis longus
115
Q

where are the medial and lateral malleolus located?

A

tibia

From Flashcardlet (34 decks)

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