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From Flashcardlet > N: VIT & MINERAL > Flashcards

N: VIT & MINERAL Flashcards

0
Q

what is the other name for vitamin B1?

A

Thiamin

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1
Q

what are the main water soluble vitamins?

A

vitamin thiamin(B1), riboflavin(B2), niacin(B3), pantothenic(B5), pyridoxine 6, folate(B9), cobalomin(B12)

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2
Q

what is the other name for vitamin B2?

A

riboflavin

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3
Q

what is the other name for vitamin B3?

A

niacin

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4
Q

what is the other name for vitamin B5?

A

pantothenic acid

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5
Q

what is the other name for vitamin B6?

A

pyridoxine

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6
Q

what is the other name for vitamin B9?

A

folate

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7
Q

what is the other name for vitamin B12?

A

cobalamin

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8
Q

chief role of Thiamin(B1)?

A

coenzyme TPP

helps release energy from carb, needed for pyruvate ->acetyl-CoA

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9
Q

chief role of Riboflavin(B2)?

A

coenzymes FMN & FAD

helps release energy from carb, fat and protein

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10
Q

chief role of Niacin(B3)?

A

coenzyme NAD NADP

helps release energy from nutrients

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11
Q

chief role of Pyridoxide(B6)?

A

coenzyme PLP PMP

protein and fat metabolism

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12
Q

chief role of Folate(B9)?

A

coenzyme THF & DHF
red blood cell production
**folate needs B12 to function properly and activate it

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13
Q

chief role of Cobalamin(B12)?

A

helps maintain nerve cells

** activates folate

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14
Q

chief role of pantothenic acid(B5)?

A

coenzyme in energy metabolism

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15
Q

chief role of Biotin?

A

adding Carbon to pyruvate to Acetyle-CoA

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16
Q

chief role of vitamin C?

A

synthesis of collagen

antioxident

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17
Q

Thiamin(B1) deficiency?

A

Beri Beri

  • irregular heart - cardiac problems
  • apathy short term memory
  • muscular weakness
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18
Q

Riboflavin(B2) deficiency?

A

ariboflavinosis (RARE)

  • inflammed eyes- eye problems
  • sore throat
  • skin disorders around mouth and nose
19
Q

Niacin(B3) deficiency?

A

pellagra

  • diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vom
  • depression, loss of appetite
  • skin darkens and flakes in areas exposed to sun
20
Q

Pyridoxine(B6) deficiency?

A
  • anaemia
  • scaly dermatitis
  • nervous disorders
  • muscle weakness
21
Q

folate(B9) deficiency?

A

anaemia - megaloblasic, this is where RBC mishape and can no longer carry sufficient oxygen
heart burn,

..pregnancy? neural tube defect eg. spinabifidia

22
Q

Cobalamin(B12) deficiency?

A

not likely as B12 is recycled
some diets are prone to deficiency vegan or strict veg
as B12 only found in animal product
-> depression and fatigue

23
Q

pantothenic acid(B5) deficiency?

A

rare

  • sleep disturbances
  • nausea, fatigue
24
Q

Biotin

A
  • loss of appetite
  • depression
  • nausea
25
Q

Vitamin C deficiency?

A

scurvy!

  • anaemia
  • depression
  • poor wound healing, frequent infections, bleeding gums
26
Q

high iron dietary intake can prevent adequate absorption of which mineral?

A

zinc

27
Q

what is transferrin?

A

transporter protein in the blood

iron & zinc

28
Q

why does high iron intake prevent adequate absorption of zinc?

A

iron & zinc are both absorbed into mucosal cells of GIT then released in blood bound to transferrin-> 50% binding sites open
if one of the two elements is in excess it can saturate available binding sites preventing the other element present in lower concentration from absorption into blood -> build up of this element will occur in cells

29
Q

what needs to happen in order for vitamin B12 to be absorbed?

A

in order to be absorbed in the small intestine B12 needs to combine with intrinsic factor made by gastric cells and released into the stomach.

30
Q

briefly explain why most people suffering from vit B12 deficiency require B12 injections rather than increased oral intake of vitamin:

A

vit 12 needs to combine with intrinsic factor protein made by gastric cells and released into stomach in order for it to be absorbed in the small intestine. Most people that have this deficiency are old and suffer from atrophic gastritis which reduces the amount of intrinsic factor therefore increasing dietary B12 will not work as there wont be enough intrinsic factor to combine with to allow absorption, only direct injection of B12 into the body will reverse this deficiency

31
Q

list the 3 hormones/vitamins that control blood calcium levels:

A

1) parathyroid hormone
2) calcitonin
3) vit D

32
Q

when blood Calcium levels fall, what factors bring it back up?

A

decrease in blood calcium -> increase in parathyroid hormone release
-> increase Ca resorption & vit D synthesis by kidney + Ca resorption from bone mineral
-> elevated vit D -> increased absorption from intestine
=> increase in blood calcium levels

33
Q

when blood Calcium levels are too high, what factors bring it back down?

A

blood calcium too high -> increased release of calcitonin from thyroid into blood
-> inhibits vit D activation, calcium absorption from intestine, kidneys and bone
=> reducing blood calcium levels

34
Q

which vitamin deficiency results in the disease rickets?

A

Vitamin D

35
Q

name another source of this vitamin other than diet?

A

self synthesis with sunlight

36
Q

which two body organs are involved in the activation of this vitamin?

A

liver

kidney

37
Q

list symptoms of rickets:

A

1) inadequate calcification of bones
2) growth retardation
3) misshapen of ends of long bones - bowing of legs
4) deformities of ribs

38
Q

which vitamin deficiency causes the disease scurvy?

A

vitamin c

39
Q

which major body protein is affected by deficiency in this vitamin?

A

collagen

40
Q

list 4 symptoms of vitamin C deficiency:

A

poor wound healing and frequent infections
rough skin
bone fragility and joint pain
muscle degeneration

41
Q

function, deficiency and food source of vitamin A:

A

function: vision, growth and repair
deficiency: night blindness
food? fortified milk & dairy = retinol
spinach, dark leafy = beta carotene

42
Q

function, deficiency and food source of vitamin D:

A

function: calcium and phosphorus metabolism
bone and tooth formation
deficiency: rickets
food? self synthesis from sun! -> via kidney and liver
fortified milk and margarine

43
Q

function, deficiency and food source of vitamin E:

A

function: RBC protection, antioxidant
deficiency: muscle wasting weakness, RBC breakage
food? veg oil
green leafy veg

44
Q

function, deficiency and food source of vitamin K?

A

function: synthesis of clotting protein
deficiency? haemorrhaging
decreased Ca in bone
food: bacterial synthesis in digestive tract, live, green leafy cabbage

45
Q

function of water in the body:

A
  • transports nutrients
  • carries away waste
  • moistens eyes, mouth and nose
  • hydrates skin
  • ensures adequate blood volume
  • normal body temp
  • lubricant around joint
46
Q

major minerals essential for body function:

A

C x 2 = calcium and chloride
P x 2 = potassium and phosphorus
S x 2 = sodium and sulfur
M = magnesium

From Flashcardlet (34 decks)

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