N: PROTEIN + AMINOACIDS

Question 0

how much of your daily energy need does protein and amino acids constitute?

Answer 0

10-35% energy

Question 1

name 6 types/functions of proteins:

Answer 1

enzymes
structural protein
hemoglobin
transport molecule 
hormones
antibodies

Question 2

what do enzymes to?

Answer 2

catalyse reactions

Question 3

what are main structural proteins?

Answer 3

actin and myosin = contractile proteins

collagen(most prevalent protein) CT - holds body together

Question 4

main protein component of blood?

Answer 4

hemoglobin = oxygen transport

Question 5

protein transport molecule?

Answer 5

Na+/K+ pump

transfering compounds from one side to another

Question 6

% of cell that is protein:

Answer 6

20%

Question 7

describe composition of protein:

Answer 7

amino group (H-N-H)
| joined via C-H
acid group(O=C-O-H)
side group

Question 8

where are non essential amino acids produced?

Answer 8

liver!

Question 9

what defines different proteins?

Answer 9

order of side groups

Question 10

how many different amino acids are there?

Answer 10

20

Question 11

name 3 or more non-essential amino acids:

Answer 11

glutamic
alanine
serine
tyrosine

Question 12

name 3 or more essential amino acids:

Answer 12

leucine
valine
methionine

Question 13

what are conditionally essential amino acids?

Answer 13

amino acids that are usually non-essential but essential under certain conditions

Question 14

name 3 or more conditionally essential amino acids:

Answer 14

tyrosine when phenylalanine is deficient

Question 15

how are amino acids linked?

Answer 15

peptide bonds

Question 16

what is the primary structure of amino acid:

Answer 16

amino acid sequence

Question 17

what is the secondary structure of amino acid?

Answer 17

folding

- coils, sheets or twisted chains

Question 18

what are hydrophilic parts attracted to?

Answer 18

hydrophilic = POLAR

attracted to water

Question 19

what are hydrophobic parts attracted to?

Answer 19

they REPEL water

Question 20

what are some allergy prone food?

Answer 20

the allergen will be a protein

so foods higher in protein are more likely to cause allergies

Question 21

what defines the quality of a protein?

Answer 21

• amino acid content
• digest ability
• ability to support growth

Question 22

what are limiting proteins?

Answer 22

amino acid you have the least of

Question 23

what is created when a peptide bond is formed?

Answer 23

H2O

Question 24

describe plant and animal proteins in terms of digest ability:

Answer 24

plant proteins harder to digest than animal proteins

Question 25

define biological value of a protein source and explain how to achieve a balanced protein intake by mixing different types of dietary protein?

Answer 25

biological value of proteins = ability to provide all the essential amino acids (100-value) - egg/beef

-> you can achieve a balanced protein intake by eating complementary proteins. to ensure a max number of amino acids

Question 26

list health problem associated with high intake of protein:

Answer 26

• adverse effects in liver and kidney(kidney disease)
• lead to loss of calcium from bones
• heart disease! high protein foods also high in saturated fat
• cancer eg. breast, colon, kidney

Question 27

list health problem associated with low intake of protein:

Answer 27

• lack of antibodies
• fluid imbalances and dysentery
• anemia
• heart failure

Question 28

what 2 forms does protein-energy malnutrition occur in?

Answer 28

1) marasmus (skeleton)

2) kwashiorkor (big belly - fluid imbalance)

Question 29

top 8 common sources of allergens?

Answer 29

1) milk 2) eggs 3) peanuts 4) nuts 5) fish
6) shell fish 7) soy 8) wheat

Question 30

define food INTOLERANCE:

Answer 30

any adverse reaction to food

-> DOES NOT involve immune system

Question 31

define food aversion:

Answer 31

strong desire to avoid a particular food

Question 32

define food ALLERGY:

Answer 32

adverse reaction to an otherwise harmless substance

Question 33

name the basic molecular units that make up proteins

Answer 33

amino acids

Question 34

how many different types of unit are there in proteins and how many can he body make?

Answer 34

20 different types,

body can make 11

Question 35

list 3 functions that proteins perform in the body

Answer 35

enzymes, structural proteins, hemoglobin,

blood clotting, vision, antibodies

Question 36

what is meant by term “biological value” of a protein-containing food?

Answer 36

the relative ability of food to provide all the essential amino acids

Question 37

name 2 protein-rich protein sources with very high biological value:

Answer 37

eggs

red meat

Question 38

what is meant by the term complementary foods?

Answer 38

complementary foods are individually deficient in certain amino acids but together provide adequate supply of deficient amino acids

Question 39

name 2 food sources that are classed as complementary foods:

Answer 39

legumes - deficient in methionine and tryptophan

grains - deficient in isoleucine and lysine

Question 40

list 3 diseases linked to high protein diet:

Answer 40

1. heart diseases - saturated fat in meats
2. cancer - bowel, breast, kidney, prostate
3. osteoporosis (bone loss)
4. kidney disease

Question 41

what are legumes deficient in?

Answer 41

methionine

tryptophan

Question 42

what are grains deficient in?

Answer 42

isoleucine

lysine