Final- Session 11

Question 1

Organizational Culture

Answer 1

A system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations

Question 2

Three Elements of Organizational Culture

Answer 2

1. Artifacts
2. Shared Values
3. Underlying Assumptions

Question 3

Artifacts

Answer 3

Visible products of the organization (physical
structures, symbols, language, etc.)
•Visible behavior, processes of organization
• Easy to observe; difficult to decipher

Question 4

Values

Answer 4

Sense of what ought to be, rather than what is
• Espoused values (for others to believe)
• Enacted values (actually guide decisions and
behaviors)

Question 5

Underlying Assumptions

Answer 5

Unconscious, taken-for-granted beliefs,
perceptions, thoughts, and feelings
   • Little variation observed in group
   •Actually guides behavior
   •Very difficult to change

Question 6

Formation & Perpetuation of Organizational Culture

Answer 6

1. Actions of founders and leaders
   
   • The founder’s personality
   • Transformational leadership
2. Attracting, selecting, and socializing employees
   
   • Attraction-Selection-Attrition theory
   • Socialization: learning and adjustment
3. Introducing culturally-consistent rewards
   
   • Reinforce behaviors that are consistent with
     cultural values
4. Aligning other artifacts:
   
   • Stories and Legends
   • Rituals and Ceremonies
   • Organizational language
   • Physical structures/Symbols