Section 3 (Part 2)

Question 1

What is Expectancy Theory?

Answer 1

The strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual

Question 2

What are the 3 components of expectancy theory?

Answer 2

1. E–P: do I feel that more effort will lead to success?
2. P–O: does success lead to rewards?
3. O: are the rewards valued?

(Effort, Performance, & Outcome)

Question 3

What are the main arguments of expectancy theory?

Answer 3

• proposes that an individual will behave or act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a specific behavior over other behaviors due to what they expect the result will be
• Organizations need to relate rewards directly to performance and to ensure that the rewards provided are those rewards deserved and wanted by the recipients

Question 4

What are Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs?

Answer 4

• Self- actualization- fulfillment, maximizing potential
• Self-Esteem- self-respect, competence, respect from others
• Belongingness- friendship, love, group membership
• Safety-security, shelter, protection
• Physiological-survival (air water food sleep)

Question 5

What is Goal-Setting Theory?

Answer 5

Specific & difficult goals, with feedback, lead to higher performance

Question 6

What are SMART Goals?

Answer 6

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time framed

Question 7

What is Equity Theory?

Answer 7

Individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities.

Question 8

What is Job Design?

Answer 8

The way the elements in a job are organized can act to increase or decrease effort.

Question 9

What are the 5 job characteristics?

Answer 9

1. Skill Variety
2. Task Identity
3. Task Significance
4. Autonomy
5. Feedback

Question 10

How to improve skill variety?

Answer 10

• job rotation
• job enrichment
• job enlargement